Ruthenium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of CO with C H and Hydrosilanes towards Silyl Esters.

A series of in situ-prepared catalytic systems incorporating Ru precursors and bidentate phosphine ligands has been probed in the reductive carboxylation of ethylene in the presence of triethylsilane as reductant. The catalytic production of propionate and acrylate silyl esters was evidenced by high-throughput screening (HTS) and implemented in batch reactor techniques. The most promising catalyst systems identified were made of Ru(H)(Cl)(CO)(PPh ) and 1,4-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)butane (DCPB) or 1,1'-ferrocene-diyl-bis(cyclohexylphosphine) (DCPF).

G to A hypermutation of TT virus.

APOBEC3 proteins function as part of innate antiviral immunity and induce G to A hypermutation in retroviruses and hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes. Whether APOBEC3 proteins affect viruses that replicate without a reverse transcription step is unknown. TT virus (TTV), known to present in serum of healthy individuals and HBV carriers, has a single-stranded circular DNA genome and replicates without reverse transcription.