Needle-free immunization using a solid-in-oil nanodispersion enhanced by a skin-permeable oligoarginine peptide.

The objective of transcutaneous immunization is efficient vaccination using the skin's immune system. Although a less invasive administration procedure is involved, the effective delivery of antigen using this modality remains a problem. Here, we demonstrate the use of a solid-in-oil (S/O) nanodispersion system for the transcutaneous immunization of male ddY mice with ovalbumin (OVA) antigen.