Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study.

Objectives: This study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating index (TCI) following an intervention with 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth spray after professional oral care.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two adult volunteers aged 30-60 years were equally divided into CPC spray (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups.

Socio-psychological factors associated with anticipated stigma toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: The stigmatization against COVID-19 has become a public issue. However, it remains unknown which individual factor contributes to anticipated stigma formation. This study explored socio-psychological factors associated with anticipated stigma toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Suppressed baroreflex peripheral arc overwhelms augmented neural arc and incapacitates baroreflex function in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension on open-loop baroreflex function, which determines how powerfully and rapidly the baroreflex operates to regulate arterial pressure, remains poorly understood. What is the main finding and its importance? The gain of the baroreflex total arc, indicating the baroreflex pressure-stabilizing function, is markedly attenuated in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is caused by a rightward shift of the baroreflex neural arc and a downward shift of the peripheral arc.

Postoperative radiotherapy for T1/2N0M0 mucoepidermoid carcinoma positive for CRTC1/3-MAML2 fusions.

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend considering postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for completely resected T1/2N0M0 salivary mucoepidermoid carcinomas when they show tumor spillage, perineural invasion, or intermediate/high-grade histology. CRTC1/3-MAML2 fusions have been associated with a favorable clinical outcome.

Methods: Forty-seven T1/2N0M0 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases positive for CRTC1/3-MAML2 fusions were completely resected and were not treated with PORT.

Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation That Confirmed the Response by Autopsy Specimen to Second-Line mFOLFOX6 (Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Leucovorin) plus Bevacizumab Chemotherapy.

The prognostic significance of glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is controversial, and thus far there is no established treatment strategy against metastasis of glandular component. We describe here a case of metastatic UC with glandular differentiation that had histological disappearance of adenocarcinoma components at autopsy after sequential chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin (CDDP) and with mFOLFOX6 (fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin) plus bevacizumab (mFOLFOX6+Bev). A 62-year-old Asian male was diagnosed with invasive UC with glandular differentiation (T2N0M0) by radical cystectomy and ileal conduit, and careful follow-up observation was made.

Improved clonality detection in B-cell lymphoma using a semi-nested modification of the BIOMED-2 PCR assay for IGH rearrangement: A paraffin-embedded tissue study.

The BIOMED-2 PCR protocol for targeting the IGH gene is widely employed for detecting clonality in B-cell malignancies. Unfortunately, the detection of clonality with this method is not very sensitive when paraffin sections are used as a DNA source. To increase the sensitivity, we devised a semi-nested modification of a JH consensus primer.

MYB, MYBL1, MYBL2 and NFIB gene alterations and MYC overexpression in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Aims: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignancies and the long-term prognosis is poor. In this study, we examined alterations of AdCC-associated genes, MYB, MYBL1, MYBL2 and NFIB, and their target molecules, including MYC. The results were correlated to clinicopathological profile of the patients.

Striated duct adenoma presenting with intra-tumoral hematoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma-like histology.

Striated duct adenoma of the salivary gland is a rare benign tumor characterized by unilayered duct epithelium and striations of the tumor cell membranes. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report an additional case, which was complicated by an intra-tumoral hematoma on clinical presentation and by papillary thyroid carcinoma-like histology on intra-operative frozen section diagnosis.

Carotid Body Denervation Markedly Improves Survival in Rats With Hypertensive Heart Failure.

Background: Hypertension is a major cause of heart failure. Excessive sympathoexcitation in patients with heart failure leads to poor prognosis. Since carotid body denervation (CBD) has been shown to reduce sympathetic nerve activity in animal models of hypertension and heart failure, we examined if bilateral CBD attenuates the progression of hypertensive heart failure and improves survival.

Expression of cancer/testis antigens in salivary gland carcinomas with reference to MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Aims: Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are detected in cancer cells but not in healthy normal tissues, with the exception of gametogenic tissues. CTAs are highly immunogenic proteins, and thus represent ideal targets for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated specific immune therapy. The aim of this study was to screen CTA expression in various types of salivary gland carcinoma and to clarify clinicopathological significance of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) of the salivary gland, which is one of the most common salivary gland carcinomas, and usually has a fatal outcome.

Cellular-level characterization of B cells infiltrating pulmonary MALT lymphoma tissues.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma mainly consists of three types of tumor B cells, small (centrocyte-like), scattered large transformed, and intraepithelial. However, it is difficult to differentiate tumor B cells from reactive B cells at the cellular level. We examined five cases of API2-MALT1 fusion-positive MALT lymphoma of the lung.

Minimum structural requirements for cell membrane leakage-mediated anti-MRSA activity of macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl)s.

Macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl)-type phenolic natural products, found exclusively in bryophytes, exhibit potent antibacterial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA activity). Here, in order to identify the minimum essential structure for cell membrane leakage-mediated anti-MRSA activity of these compounds, we synthesized acyclic fragment structures and evaluated their anti-MRSA activity. The activities of all of the acyclic fragments tested exhibited similar characteristics to those of the macrocycles, i.

Warthin-like Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Combined Study of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Whole-slide Imaging.

There has been some debate as to whether a subset of metaplastic Warthin tumors (mWTs) harbor the mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)-associated CRTC1-MAML2 fusion. We analyzed 15 tumors originally diagnosed as mWT (mWT-like tumors), 2 of which had concurrent MECs. We looked for the CRTC1/3-MAML2 fusion transcripts and performed immunohistochemistry for p63 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the MAML2 split.

Anti-MRSA activity of isoplagiochin-type macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl)s is mediated through cell membrane damage.

We synthesized three geometrical isomers of a macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) based on isoplagiochin, a natural product isolated from bryophytes, and evaluated their antibacterial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA activity). The isomer containing a 1,4-linked ring (5) showed only weak activity, whereas the isomers containing a 1,3-linked (6) or 1,2-linked (7) C ring showed potent anti-MRSA activity. Molecular dynamics calculations indicated that these differences are probably due to differences in the conformational flexibility of the macrocyclic ring; the active compounds 6 and 7 were more rigid than 5.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: a clinicopathologic and molecular study including 2 cases harboring ETV6-X fusion.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently described low-grade carcinoma with morphologic and genetic similarity, including ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, to secretory carcinoma of the breast. ETV6 is frequently involved in other epithelial and nonepithelial tumors, and many fusion partners of ETV6 have been reported. In the present study, 14 Japanese MASC cases were clinicopathologically and molecularly analyzed.

Androgen receptor-positive mucoepidermoid carcinoma: case report and literature review.

Androgen receptor (AR) is usually expressed in salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), but only infrequently in other carcinoma types including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The clinicopathological characteristics of AR-positive MEC remain to be clarified. Here we report a case of AR-positive MEC.

The production ratios of AICDε51 and Aβ42 by intramembrane proteolysis of βAPP do not always change in parallel.

Background: During intramembrane proteolysis of β-amyloid protein precursor (βAPP) by presenilin (PS)/γ-secretase, ε-cleavages at the membrane-cytoplasmic border precede γ-cleavages at the middle of the transmembrane domain. Generation ratios of Aβ42, a critical molecule for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and the major Aβ40 species might be associated with ε48 and ε49 cleavages, respectively. Medicines to downregulate Aβ42 production have been investigated by many pharmaceutical companies.

Induction of Drosophila behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms by temperature steps in constant light.

In constant light, where Drosophila rhythms are normally disrupted, temperature cycles induce circadian rhythms at both the molecular and behavioral level. The authors investigated the process by which the thermoperiod induces the rhythms using temperature steps. A 10 degrees C temperature step-up induced a single locomotor activity peak ca 9 h after the temperature transition, whereas a 10 degrees C step-down induced a strong activity peak ca 24 h after the transition, and the peak recurred for several cycles, suggesting that the underlying clock is reset.