Depressive symptoms of older adults with chronic diseases: the mediating roles of activities of daily living and economic burden of diseases.

Objective: To explore the mediating roles of activities of daily living (ADL) and economic burden of diseases in the relationship between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms of older adults.

Methods: The data were sourced from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The number of chronic diseases, ADL, out-of-pocket medical expenses and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were selected as measuring indexes.

Highly efficient octave-spanning long-wavelength infrared generation with a 74% quantum efficiency in a χ waveguide.

The realization of compact and efficient broadband mid-infrared (MIR) lasers has enormous impacts in promoting MIR spectroscopy for various important applications. A number of well-designed waveguide platforms have been demonstrated for MIR supercontinuum and frequency comb generations based on cubic nonlinearities, but unfortunately third-order nonlinear response is inherently weak. Here, we propose and demonstrate for the first time a χ micrometer waveguide platform based on birefringence phase matching for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) laser generation with a high quantum efficiency.

Wavelength scaling of high harmonic yields and cutoff energies in solids driven by mid-infrared pulses.

The effect of driving wavelengths on high harmonic generation (HHG) have long been a fundamental research topic. However, despite of abundant efforts, the investigation of wavelength scaling of HHG in solids is still confined within the scope of theoretical predictions. In this work, we for the first time to the best of our knowledge, experimentally reveal wavelength scaling of HHG yields and cutoff energy in three typical solid media (namely pristine crystals GaSe, CdTe and polycrystalline ZnSe), driven in a broad mid-infrared (MIR) range from 4.

Tunable phase-mismatched mid-infrared difference-frequency generation between 6 and 17 µm in CdTe.

In parametric conversion, phase-matching techniques such as birefringence and quasi phase-matching (PM) with the designed crystal angle or periodically poled polarities are employed to fulfill the requirement of momentum conservation. However, directly using phase-mismatched interactions in nonlinear media with large quadratic nonlinear coefficient remains unheeded. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we study the phase-mismatched difference-frequency generation (DFG) in an isotropic cadmium telluride (CdTe) crystal, with the comparison of other DFG processes based on birefringence-PM, quasi-PM, and random-quasi-PM.

Ultrabroad (3.7-17 µm) tunable femtosecond optical parametric amplifier based on BaGaSe crystal.

We demonstrate the first (to the best of our knowledge) tunable femtosecond (fs) mid-infrared (MIR) optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on BaGaSe (BGSe) crystal with an ultra-broadband spectral range. Benefiting from the broad transparency range, high nonlinearity, and relatively large bandgap of BGSe, the MIR OPA pumped at 1030 nm with a repetition of 50 kHz has an output spectrum that is tunable across an extremely wide spectral range spanning from 3.7 to 17 µm.

High-harmonic generation in polycrystalline CdTe nano-films via macroscopic investigations.

Bright high harmonics generation (HHG) in CMOS-compatible nano-films can provide new opportunities for integrated coherent ultra-violet sources and attosecond photonic devices. Up to now, most HHG studies have been limited to single crystals. Polycrystalline materials, which consist of many grains separated by grain boundaries and normally have random crystallographic orientations, have rarely been explored for HHG.

Passive Q-switching induced by few-layer MoTe in an Yb:YCOB microchip laser.

We report on passive Q-switching action induced by a few-layer MoTe saturable absorber in an Yb:YCaO(BO) (Yb:YCOB) microchip laser. With a sapphire-based few-layer MoTe incorporated into the 4 mm long plane-parallel resonator of the Yb:YCOB microchip laser, efficient stable passively Q-switched operation was achieved under output couplings of 40%-70%, producing, at an incident pump power of 5.0 W, an average output power of 1.

Few-layer BiTe: an effective 2D saturable absorber for passive Q-switching of compact solid-state lasers in the 1-μm region.

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of few-layer BiTe topological insulator in use as a saturable absorber for passive Q-switching of compact solid-state lasers in the 1-μm spectral region. By incorporating a sapphire-based few-layer BiTe sample into a Yb:LuPO laser that was formed with a 4-mm plane-parallel resonator, we realized efficient, high-power, high-repetition-rate pulsed laser operation. Depending on the output coupling utilized, single- or dual-wavelength laser action could be achieved.

[Research on problem of exogenous pollution of Chinese medicine resources from perspective of circular economy].

Based on the in-depth analysis of the current situation of the exogenous pollution of Chinese medicine resources, this research mainly discusses the intrinsic link and practical significance between the development of circular economy in Chinese medicine resources and the control of the problem of the exogenous pollution from the perspective of circular economy, and proposes some suggestions to develop the recycling economy of Chinese medicine resources from the establishment of legal system, mechanism of development, production norms, industry standards and regulatory system of the recycling of Chinese medicine resources.

Application of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids as background electrolyte in capillary zone electrophoresis for the simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones in Rhubarb.

A capillary zone electrophoresis method using only 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids as background electrolyte for the simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives including aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and rhein in Rhubarb species was described. Ion association constants, K(ass), between anthraquinone anions and imidazolium cations were determined by analyzing the electrophoretic mobility change of anthraquinone anions using a non-linear least-squares method and factors contributing to ion associability were systematically clarified. For method optimization, several parameters such as ionic liquids concentration, background electrolyte pH and applied voltage, on the separation were evaluated and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: 90mM 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (pH 11.

Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and amino acids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

A selective and sensitive method was developed for separation and simultaneous determination of catecholamines and amino acids by MEKC with LIF. Interestingly enough, such work has been firstly performed on catecholamines derivatized with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and the detailed derivatization mechanism was discussed. After derivatization at 60 degrees C for 20 min, NBD-labeled catecholamines and amino acids were separated in a buffer system containing 10 mM sodium tetraborate-Na2HPO4, 20 mM SDS, and 10% v/v ACN at pH 9.

Enantioseparation of palonosetron hydrochloride by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium cholate as chiral selector.

The enantioseparation of four stereoisomers of palonosetron hydrochloride by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sodium cholate as chiral surfactant was described. Sodium cholate was shown to be effective in separating palonosetron hydrochloride stereoisomers. For method optimization, several parameters such as sodium cholate concentration, buffer pH and concentration, the types and concentration of organic modifiers and applied voltage, on the enantioseparation were evaluated and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: 30 mM borate buffer (pH 9.

Analysis of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin in Scutellariae radix and its preparation by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with 1-butyl-3-methylimizolium tetrafluoborate ionic liquid as additive.

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4) ionic liquid (IL) as additive was developed for the analysis of baicalin, wogonin and baicalein in Scutellariae radix and its preparation. After conducting a series of optimizations, baseline separation was obtained for the analytes within 5min under the optimum conditions (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.88% (m/v) ethyl acetate 0.

Determination of five anthraquinones in medicinal plants by capillary zone electrophoresis with beta-cyclodextrin addition.

A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of five anthraquinone derivatives including aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcoin and rhein in Rheum species and Polygonum cuspidatum was established by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using beta-cyclodextrin (CD) as modifier and urea to enhance its solubility. The apparent binding constants of these derivatives with beta-CD were evaluated. After an optimization study, the best conditions were selected using 35 mM phosphate buffer (pH 11.

Novel and simple nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis separation and determination bioactive triterpenes in Chinese herbs.

Three bioactive triterpenes ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and 2alpha,3beta,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid were simultaneously separated by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with methanol:acetonitrile (65:35 v/v) mixture containing 90 mm trishydroxymethylaminomethane (Tris) at an applied voltage of +25 kV and a hydrodynamic injection of 5s. The effect of solvent composition, electrolyte nature and concentration on the electrophoretic behavior of the analytes were systematically studied. Separations were carried out in a fused-silica capillary tube with UV detection at 214 nm.

Separation and determination of lignans from seeds of Schisandra species by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using ionic liquid as modifier.

In this paper, a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method using ionic liquid as modifier for the quantification of the active components of lignans found in the medicinal herbs Schisandra species was developed for the first time. Preliminary investigations employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant did not lead to the necessary resolution of the studied compounds, the addition of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4) to the SDS micellar system resulted in the complete separation of all the compounds. The effects on the separation by several parameters such as BMIM-BF4 and SDS concentration, applied voltage, background electrolyte pH and concentration, were evaluated.