Construction of the Gene Tagging and Knock Out (GTKO) System for Reliable Genetic Analysis of Nuclear Genes in Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

The unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is a eukaryotic photosynthetic model organism used for basic and applied cell biology studies. Its nuclear genome can be modified by homologous recombination with exogenously introduced DNA. The comparison of mutants with isogenic strains is critical for reliable genetic analyses; however, this has been impossible thus far.

Increased intracellular HS levels enhance iron uptake in .

Unlabelled: We investigated the impact of intracellular hydrogen sulfide (HS) hyperaccumulation on the transcriptome of . The wild-type (WT) strain overexpressing , encoding 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, produced significantly higher HS levels than the control WT strain. The -overexpressing strain exhibited increased resistance to antibiotics, supporting the prior hypothesis that intracellular HS contributes to oxidative stress responses and antibiotic resistance.

Label-free visualization of photosynthetic microbial biofilms using mid-infrared photothermal and autofluorescence imaging.

The formation of photosynthetic microbial biofilms comprising multispecies biomolecules, such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and microbial cells play pivotal roles in maintaining or stimulating their biological functions. Although there are numerous studies on photosynthetic microbial biofilms, the spatial distribution of EPS components that are vital for microbial biofilm formation, such as exopolysaccharides and proteins, is not well understood. Visualization of photosynthetic microbial biofilms requires label-free methods, because labelling EPSs results in structural changes or aggregation.

DnaK2 Mediates a Negative Feedback Regulation of the Heat Shock Responsive Hik2-Rre1 Two-Component System in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Elongatus PCC 7942.

The two-component system (TCS) is a conserved signal transduction module in bacteria. The Hik2-Rre1 system is responsible for transcriptional activation upon high-temperature shift as well as plastoquinone-related redox stress in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. As heat-induced de novo protein synthesis was previously shown to be required to quench the heat-activated response, we investigated the underlying mechanism in this study.

Molecular Bulkiness of a Single Amino Acid in the F1 α-Subunit Determines the Robustness of Cyanobacterial ATP Synthase.

Cyanobacteria are promising photosynthetic organisms owing to their ease of genetic manipulation. Among them, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 exhibits faster growth, higher biomass production efficiency and more robust stress tolerance compared with S. elongatus PCC 7942.

Low-temperature and circadian signals are integrated by the sigma factor SIG5.

Chloroplasts are a common feature of plant cells and aspects of their metabolism, including photosynthesis, are influenced by low-temperature conditions. Chloroplasts contain a small circular genome that encodes essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus and chloroplast transcription/translation machinery. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, a nuclear-encoded sigma factor that controls chloroplast transcription (SIGMA FACTOR5) contributes to adaptation to low-temperature conditions.

A high-temperature sensitivity of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 due to a tRNA-Leu mutation.

Certain mutations of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 during laboratory storage have resulted in some divergent phenotypes. One laboratory-stored strain (H1) shows a temperature-sensitive (ts) growth phenotype at 40 °C. Here, we investigated the reason for this temperature sensitivity.

Pathogenesis-related protein 1 suppresses oomycete pathogen by targeting against AMPK kinase complex.

Introduction: During the arms race between plants and pathogens, pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) in host plants play a crucial role in disease resistance, especially PR1. PR1 constitute a secretory peptide family, and their role in plant defense has been widely demonstrated in both hosts and in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which they control host-pathogen interactions and the nature of their targets within the pathogen remain poorly understood.

The Sulfide-Responsive SqrR/BigR Homologous Regulator YgaV of Controls Expression of Anaerobic Respiratory Genes and Antibiotic Tolerance.

Compositions and activities of bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract significantly influence the metabolism, health, and disease of host humans and animals. These enteric bacteria can switch between aerobic and anaerobic growth if oxygen tension becomes limited. Interestingly, the switching mechanism is important for preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antibiotic tolerance.

A distinct class of GTP-binding proteins mediates chloroplast protein import in Rhodophyta.

Chloroplast protein import is mediated by translocons named TOC and TIC on the outer and inner envelope membranes, respectively. Translocon constituents are conserved among green lineages, including plants and green algae. However, it remains unclear whether Rhodophyta (red algae) share common chloroplast protein import mechanisms with the green lineages.

The Unicellular Red Alga , an Excellent Model Organism for Elucidating Fundamental Molecular Mechanisms and Their Applications in Biofuel Production.

Microalgae are considered one of the best resources for the production of biofuels and industrially important compounds. Various models have been developed to understand the fundamental mechanism underlying the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs)/starch and to enhance its content in cells. Among various algae, the red alga has been considered an excellent model system to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the accumulation of TAG/starch in the microalga, as it has a smaller genome size and various biotechnological methods are available for it.

Identification of Transcription Factors and the Regulatory Genes Involved in Triacylglycerol Accumulation in the Unicellular Red Alga .

Microalgal triacylglycerols (TAGs) are a good feedstock for liquid biofuel production. Improving the expression and/or function of transcription factors (TFs) involved in TAG accumulation may increase TAG content; however, information on microalgae is still lacking. In this study, 14 TFs in the unicellular red alga were identified as candidate TFs regulating TAG accumulation using available transcriptome and phosphoproteome data under conditions driving TAG accumulation.

The Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae-The Simplest Model of a Photosynthetic Eukaryote.

Several species of unicellular eukaryotic algae exhibit relatively simple genomic and cellular architecture. Laboratory cultures of these algae grow faster than plants and often provide homogeneous cellular populations exposed to an almost equal environment. These characteristics are ideal for conducting experiments at the cellular and subcellular levels.