Validation of patient-specific flatfoot models on finite element analysis.

Adult-acquired flatfoot causes various deformities. If a patient-specific foot model can be created using the finite element method, it can be used to study the appropriate surgical technique for each patient. Nine patient-specific flatfoot models were created, and loading simulations were performed.

Determining the changes in morphology and loading status following medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for flatfoot using patient-specific finite element models.

Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is the standard procedure for flatfoot. We investigated the effect of MDCO on the foot using a finite element analysis. Foot models were created from computed tomography data of 8 patients with flat feet.

Reproducibility of radiographic methods for assessing longitudinal tarsal axes Part 2: Severe cavus or flatfoot study.

Introduction: Calcaneal pitch angle and Meary's angle are commonly used to assess longitudinal foot arches on lateral-view radiographs. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the radiographic longitudinal foot arch measurement methods with the best intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for patients with (1) severe cavus deformity and (2) severe flatfoot deformity.

Methods: Standing radiographic images of 22feet with severe cavus foot deformity and 49feet with severe flatfoot deformity were obtained to measure the longitudinal axes of the talus, first metatarsal, calcaneus and plantar surface, which were defined using six, five, four and three different methods, respectively, selected from previous reports.

The influence of hallux valgus and flatfoot deformity on metatarsus primus elevatus: A radiographic study.

Background: Metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE), a dorsal elevation of the first metatarsal in relation to the lesser metatarsals on lateral-view radiographs, is an indicator of hallux rigidus. The angle between the articular surfaces of the base of the first metatarsal and the anterior part of the medial cuneiform (MCA) reflects the sagittal instability of the first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. MPE may also indicate instability of the first metatarsal.

Reproducibility of radiographic methods for assessing longitudinal tarsal axes: Part 1: Consecutive case study.

Introduction: Calcaneal pitch angle and Meary's angle are commonly used to assess longitudinal foot arches on lateral-view radiographs. However, the methods used to obtain the talar, first metatarsal, calcaneal, and plantar axes differ across multiple reports, and no study has evaluated the reproducibility of these approaches. The aim of this study was to determine the most reproducible methods for radiographically evaluating longitudinal axes.

Multimodal radiological imaging of collagenous fibroma arising from the subacromial region in a patient with osteosarcoma: A case report.

Collagenous fibroma arising from the subacromial region is extremely rare. It is important to distinguish collagenous fibroma from other fibrous tumors including desmoid tumors, to differentiate between the prognoses and management strategies, including surgical treatment. The present case report describes the case of a 42-year-old man with a collagenous fibroma of the subacromial region.

Early stage and small medial osteochondral lesions of the talus in the presence of chronic lateral ankle instability: A retrospective study.

Background: In chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI), the instability of the ankle joint results in repeated microtrauma to the articular cartilage. How the lesion condition or stage is affected by the presence of lateral instability in medial osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) is unclear. We aimed to examine whether CLAI is associated with the size and staging of medial OLT on radiographs, magnetic resonance (MR) images, and arthroscopy.

Towards patient-specific medializing calcaneal osteotomy for adult flatfoot: a finite element study.

Clinically in medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO), foot and ankle surgeons are facing difficulties in choosing appropriate surgical parameters due to the individual differences in deformities among flatfoot patients. Traditional cadaveric studies have provided important information regarding the biomechanical effects of tendons, ligaments, and plantar fascia, but limitations have been reached when dealing with individual differences and tailoring patient-specific surgeries. Therefore, this study aimed at implementing the finite element (FE) method to investigate the effect of different MCO parameters to help foot and ankle surgeons performing patient-specific surgeries.

Relationship Between Grading With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiographic Parameters in Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the state of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) on magnetic resonance images and foot deformity. The cases included 34 feet in 27 patients with PTT deformity and the controls included 18 feet in 12 patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging for other foot diseases. The PTT was closely examined on the magnetic resonance images and classified using the Conti classification.

Examination of the Correlation Between Foot Morphology Measurements Using Pedography and Radiographic Measurements.

Pedography provides excellent visualization of the footprint. However, the correlation between the footprint images and radiographic measures has not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to examine the correlation between the pedography-based measures of foot morphology and radiographic measurements and to propose reference values for the diagnosis of flatfoot using footprint imaging.

Recurrence of deformity after silicone implant and resection arthroplasty of the metatarsophalangeal joint for rheumatoid arthritis: long-term results.

Objective: To examine the recurrence of deformity after silicone implant arthroplasty combined with resection arthroplasty for severe forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We reviewed the long-term results of this procedure for 27 feet in 15 patients. Their average age and disease duration at the time of operation were 58.

Weight-bearing three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of the forefoot in patients with flatfoot deformity.

Background: The recent classifications for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) stage II are based on forefoot deformity, but there is still no consensus regarding a detailed explanation of the clinical condition. The purposes of this study were to clarify the clinical condition of flatfoot deformity using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging under loading on both healthy and flat feet and to compare 3D movement of the forefoot in response to load.

Methods: Ten volunteers and 10 PTTD stage II patients with symptomatic flatfoot deformity were examined.

Nonosseous Tarsal Coalition of the Lateral Cuneocuboid Joint: A Case Report.

We describe a rare case of a nonosseous coalition of the lateral cuneocuboid joint with peroneal spasm that we successfully treated with resection. A 60-year-old female had been experiencing constant pain in her right foot, particularly when walking and going up and down stairs. The pain had been present for approximately 1 year after she had experienced a minor injury.

Joint space width of the tibiotalar joint in the healthy foot.

Background: It is important to evaluate dynamic changes in the joint space width of the ankle mortise in detail in order to better understand the pathology of foot and ankle disorders. However, there are few reports on changes in the joint space width of the foot and ankle assessed using 3D images. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the joint space width of the ankle (tibiotalar joint) in association with dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle joint in healthy feet.

Biomechanical and histological effects of augmented soft tissue mobilization therapy on achilles tendinopathy in a rabbit model.

Objective: Augmented soft tissue mobilization (ASTM) has been used to treat Achilles tendinopathy and is thought to promote collagen fiber realignment and hasten tendon regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical and histological effects of ASTM therapy on rabbit Achilles tendons after enzymatically induced injury.

Methods: This study was a non-human bench controlled research study using a rabbit model.

A finite element model of flatfoot (Pes Planus) for improving surgical plan.

Flatfoot is a foot condition caused by the collapse of the medial arch of the foot, and it can result in problems such as severe pain, swelling, abnormal gait, and difficulty walking. Despite being a very common foot deformity, flatfoot is one of the least understood orthopaedic problems, and the opinions regarding its optimal treatment vary widely. In this paper, an FE model of a flatfoot is proposed that is based on CT measurements.

Effect of therapeutic insoles on the medial longitudinal arch in patients with flatfoot deformity: a three-dimensional loading computed tomography study.

Background: Insoles are frequently used in orthotic therapy as the standard conservative treatment for symptomatic flatfoot deformity to rebuild the arch and stabilize the foot. However, the effectiveness of therapeutic insoles remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of therapeutic insoles for flatfoot deformity using subject-based three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) models by evaluating the load responses of the bones in the medial longitudinal arch in vivo in 3D.

Correlation between the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and pretreatment MRI findings for chronic plantar fasciitis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings before extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and the treatment outcome of ESWT.

Methods: This study examined 50 feet with chronic plantar fasciitis. The scores before ESWT and after a six-month follow-up were investigated using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Extra-articular dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy to treat late-stage Freiberg disease using polyblend sutures: technical tips and clinical results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes regarding the dorsal wedge osteotomy fixed using a polyblend suture and describe the usefulness of this fixation method for the treatment of Freiberg disease.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 13 feet from 13 cases suffering from Freiberg disease that underwent extra-articular dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy using a polyblend suture. The average age was 31.

Load response of the medial longitudinal arch in patients with flatfoot deformity: in vivo 3D study.

Background: The acquisition of flatfoot by an adult is thought to primarily be caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, although some other causes, such as congenital flexible flatfoot or an accessory navicular, may also be responsible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone rotation of each joint in the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and compare the response in healthy feet with that in flat feet by analyzing the reconstructive three-dimensional (3D) CT image data during weightbearing.

Methods: CT scans of 20 healthy feet and 24 feet with flatfoot deformity were taken in non-load condition followed by full-body weightbearing condition.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a case series.

Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) arising in patients who have undergone maintenance dialysis at our facility and to evaluate the frequency, pathological characteristics, and diagnosis of TTS.

Methods: We evaluated 1011 patients (mean age 65.1 years) undergoing maintenance dialysis from 2000 to 2006 at our hospital.

Load response of the tarsal bones in patients with flatfoot deformity: in vivo 3D study.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone rotation of each joint in the hindfoot and compare the load response in healthy feet with that in flatfeet by analyzing the reconstructive three-dimensional (3D) CT image data during weightbearing.

Methods: CT scans of 21 healthy feet and 21 feet with flatfoot deformity were taken in non-load condition followed by full-body weightbearing load condition. The images of the hindfoot bones were reconstructed into 3D models.

Features of hindfoot 3D kinetics in flat foot in ankle-joint maximal dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

Background: It is difficult to evaluate the kinematics of flat foot from 2D images, and no definitive methods have so far been established to diagnose flat foot. This study evaluated hindfoot kinetics through the progression of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) in patients with stages II and III PTTD flat foot compared with those in normal patients under dorsiflexion and plantarflexion conditions using 3D computed tomography (CT) reconstruction images.

Materials: CT images were taken of 26 normal and 32 flat feet in neutral, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion positions of the ankle joint, from which 3D virtual models were made of each hindfoot bone.

Dynamic close-mouth view radiograph method for the diagnosis of lateral dynamic instability of the atlantoaxial joint.

The purpose of the current study is to establish the dynamic close-mouth view radiograph method. Seven healthy volunteers were enrolled. Dynamic open-mouth and close-mouth view radiographs were obtained.

Three-dimensional morphology and kinematics of the craniovertebral junction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Study Design: A case-series study.

Objectives: To measure the 3-dimensional (3D) morphology and kinematics of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) using a 3D computed tomography (CT) model; to reveal abnormal patterns and the relationships between pathology and kinematics.

Summary Of Background Data: Evaluations using radiography, 2-dimensional (2D) CT and magnetic resonance imaging have limitations because of the complex 3D structure of the CVJ.