Indoor exposure levels of ammonia in residences, schools, and offices in China from 1980 to 2019: A systematic review.

Indoor ammonia (NH ) pollution has been paid more and more attention in view of its health risk. However, few studies have investigated the exposure level in the non-occupational environment in China. This study systematically reviewed the indoor ammonia exposure level in different regions, the equivalent exposure concentration of different populations, and the factors that influence indoor air ammonia in residences, offices, and schools in China.

The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM and constituents on mortality in rural East China.

Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM) and its chemical constituents with mortality risk in rural China. We conducted a 12-year prospective study of 28,793 adults in rural Deqing, China from 2006 to 2018.

Evaluating carbon content in airway macrophages as a biomarker of personal exposure to fine particulate matter and its acute respiratory effects.

It remains unclear whether carbon content in airway macrophages (AM) can predict personal short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution and its respiratory health effects. We aimed to evaluate the pathway from personal PM exposure to adverse respiratory outcomes through AM carbon content. We designed a longitudinal panel study with 3 scheduled follow-ups among 113 non-smoking patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Shanghai, China, from April 2017 to January 2019.

Associations of residential greenness with peripheral and central obesity in China.

Background: Obesity is a well-known risk factor for public health. Recent studies found that greenness exposure may protect against obesity. However, the accumulated evidence on associations of greenness-obesity is inconsistent and most of them are from developed countries.

Population ageing and deaths attributable to ambient PM pollution: a global analysis of economic cost.

Background: The health impacts of ambient air pollution impose large costs on society. Although all people are exposed to air pollution, the older population (ie, those aged ≥60 years) tends to be disproportionally affected. As a result, there is growing concern about the health impacts of air pollution as many countries undergo rapid population ageing.

Effects of using different exposure data to estimate changes in premature mortality attributable to PM and O in China.

The assessment of premature mortality associated with the dramatic changes in fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) has important scientific significance and provides valuable information for future emission control strategies. Exposure data are particularly vital but may cause great uncertainty in health burden assessments. This study, for the first time, used six methods to generate the concentration data of PM and O in China between 2014 and 2018, and then quantified the changes in premature mortality due to PM and O using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) model.

Associations of fine particulate matter and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and buccal mucosa microbiota in children.

Background: Previous studies have suggested acute effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution on respiratory health among children, but evidence for PM constituents and respiratory health were still limited.

Objectives: To investigate associations of short-term exposure to PM and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and airway microbiota in children.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal panel study with 3 repeated health measurements among 62 children in Shanghai, China from November 2018 to June 2019.

The Acute Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Different Fractions Exposure on Blood Coagulation Function in Mice.

The toxicity and widespread exposure opportunity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has aroused public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of DEP and different fractions exposure on blood coagulation function in mice. In this study, nine- week-old C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four exposure groups (with 15 mice in each group).

Prenatal exposure to residential PM and its chemical constituents and weight in preschool children: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China.

Background: Studies have reported that prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) might be associated with adverse birth outcomes in offspring. However, evidence with regard to the effects of prenatal exposure to PM and, especially, its main chemical constituents on offspring's weight in childhood is limited and inconsistent.

Objectives: The present study aimed to examine associations of prenatal exposure to PM total mass and its chemical constituents in each trimester with children's weight from birth to 6 years of age using data from Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study.

Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality: a global time-series study in 337 cities.

Background: Epidemiological evidence on short-term association between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and mortality is inconclusive and limited to single cities, regions, or countries. Generalisation of results from previous studies is hindered by potential publication bias and different modelling approaches. We therefore assessed the association between short-term exposure to ambient CO and daily mortality in a multicity, multicountry setting.

Paternal Exposure to PM Programs Offspring's Energy Homeostasis.

Considerable studies show that maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) programs offspring's susceptibility to obesity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of paternal PM exposure on offspring's energy homeostasis. This study thus tested whether paternal PM exposure programs offspring's energy homeostasis.

Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities.

Objective: To evaluate the short term associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO) and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide, using a uniform analytical protocol.

Design: Two stage, time series approach, with overdispersed generalised linear models and multilevel meta-analysis.

Setting: 398 cities in 22 low to high income countries/regions.

Ultrafine particulate air pollution and pediatric emergency-department visits for main respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China.

Background: Few studies have explored the short-term effects of ultrafine particles (UFPs, particles < 0.1 μm) air pollution on the exacerbations of pediatric respiratory diseases.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate short-term association between UFP and emergency-department visits (EDVs) for main pediatric respiratory diseases.

Projection of ship emissions and their impact on air quality in 2030 in Yangtze River delta, China.

China has been in the implementation phase of Domestic Ship Emission Control Areas (DECAs) regulation to reduce emissions of air pollutants from ships near populated areas since 2016. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the busiest port clusters in the world, accounting for 11% of global seaborne cargo throughput, so future improvements in shipping emission controls may still be important in this region. To assess the impact of future ship emissions on air quality of coastal areas, this study evaluates emissions reductions and air quality in 2030 for three scenarios (business as usual, stricter regulations, and aspirational policies) representing increasing levels of control compared with a base year of 2015.

Parental PM exposure changes Th17/Treg cells in offspring, is associated with the elevation of blood pressure.

Epidemiological evidences have indicated that fine particulate matter (PM ) exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of hypertension. The present study aims to explore the effects of parental PM exposure on blood pressure in offspring and elucidate the potential mechanism. The parental male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to concentrated PM or filtered air (FA) using Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) for 16 weeks.

Acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on cardiopulmonary function in a panel of COPD patients.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked with adverse cardiorespiratory health conditions. However, evidence for PM constituents is still scarce, especially among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: To investigate the associations of short-term exposure to different chemical constituents of PM with measures of cardiac and lung function in COPD patients.

Association between fine particulate matter and heart failure hospitalizations: a time-series analysis in Yancheng, China.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem of increasing importance. The association between acute exposure to air pollution and HF has been well established in developed countries, but little evidence is available in developing countries where air pollution levels are much higher.

Objectives: To explore the associations between PM and HF hospitalizations in Yancheng, China.

Ozone inhalation induces exacerbation of eosinophilic airway inflammation and Th2-skew immune response in a rat model of AR.

Background: Ozone (O) exposure elicits allergic rhinitis (AR) exacerbations by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We used a rat model to investigate the effects of O on eosinophilic airway inflammation and Th2-related response.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to make AR models.

Exposure to different fractions of diesel exhaust PM induces different levels of pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response.

Aim: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) consists of various components, and their respective contributions to the toxicity of PM remains to be determined. To provide specific recommendations for preventing adverse effects due to PM pollution, we determined whether the induction of pulmonary inflammation, the putative pathogenesis for the morbidity and mortality due to PM exposure, was fractioned through solubility-dependent fractioning.

Methods: In the present study, the water and heptane solubilities-dependent serial fractioning of diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP), a prominent source of urban PM pollution, was performed.

Impact of solar ultraviolet radiation on daily outpatient visits of atopic dermatitis in Shanghai, China.

The potential roles of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as an environmental risk factor in inducing atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been well quantified. To determine the short-term associations between UVR and AD outpatient visits, we obtained daily outpatient visits of AD in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Data of hourly ground UVR were collected.

The acute effects of temperature variability on heart rate variability: A repeated-measure study.

Background: The impacts of temperature variability on cardiac autonomic function remain unclear.

Objective: To explore the short-term associations between daily temperature variability and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods: This is a repeated-measure study among 78 eligible participants in Shanghai, China.