Multifaceted interplays between the essential players and lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, represents a distinct paradigm in cell biology. It is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which induce lipid peroxidation (LPO), and is orchestrated by the interplay between iron, lipid peroxides, and glutathione. In this review, we emphasize the frequently overlooked role of iron in LPO beyond the classical iron-driven Fenton reaction in several crucial processes that regulate cellular iron homeostasis, including iron intake and export as well as ferritinophagy, and the emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum-resident flavoprotein oxidoreductases, especially P450 oxidoreductases, in modulating LPO.

Sand and dust storms: a growing global health threat calls for international health studies to support policy action.

Sand and dust storms increasingly threaten global environmental and public health. To date, 150 countries are directly affected, with more than 100 classified as non-dust source regions. With climate change, these storms are expected to become more frequent and severe.

Association between Ambient Ultrafine Particles and Neurodevelopmental Delay in Preschoolers in Shanghai, China.

Previous toxicological research has suggested the potential neurotoxicity of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, particles ≤0.1 μm in diameter). However, evidence from human beings, particularly regarding the neurodevelopmental impacts of UFP, is still limited.

Nonlinear exposure-response associations of daytime, nighttime, and day-night compound heatwaves with mortality amid climate change.

Heatwaves are commonly simplified as binary variables in epidemiological studies, limiting the understanding of heatwave-mortality associations. Here we conduct a multi-country study across 28 East Asian cities that employed the Cumulative Excess Heatwave Index (CEHWI), which represents excess heat accumulation during heatwaves, to explore the potentially nonlinear associations of daytime-only, nighttime-only, and day-night compound heatwaves with mortality from 1981 to 2010. Populations exhibited high adaptability to daytime-only and nighttime-only heatwaves, with non-accidental mortality risks increasing only at higher CEHWI levels (75th-90th percentiles).

Differential effects of fine particulate matter constituents on acute coronary syndrome onset.

Fine particulate matter has been linked with acute coronary syndrome. Nevertheless, the key constituents remain unclear. Here, we conduct a nationwide case-crossover study in China during 2015-2021 to quantify the associations between fine particulate matter constituents (organic matter, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) and acute coronary syndrome, and to identify the critical contributors.

Black Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: We aimed to assess associations between black carbon (BC) and non-accidental mortality among advance-aged adults in China.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 22 provinces of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated concentrations of 3-year average BC, fine particulate matter (PM2.

Microbial diversity and environmental determinants at Shanghai Hongqiao railway station: A comprehensive microbial assessment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of indoor environmental management in transportation hubs, which are critical for pathogen transmission due to high foot traffic. However, research has primarily focused on subways, with limited studies on train stations. In this study, samples were collected at the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station in winter, spring, and summer.

Association between air pollution and hospitalization for acute exacerbation of kidney failure: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study in China.

Background: Air pollution is a potential risk factor for kidney disease; however, the impact on kidney failure exacerbation is underexplored. This study assessed the short-term effects of air pollution on hospitalization for kidney failure exacerbation.

Methods: This nationwide, time-stratified, case-crossover study included 45,249 hospitalized patients with kidney failure from 153 hospitals in 20 Chinese provinces between 2013 and 2020.

Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributable to ambient ozone pollution across China and its provinces, 1990-2021: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between ambient ozone (O 3 ) and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the only outcome considered in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 for O 3 . This study aims to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of the COPD burden attributable to O 3 across China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The ambient O 3 concentrations in China were estimated.

Associations of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure with a wide spectrum of diseases: a prospective cohort study of 0·5 million Chinese adults.

Background: Little evidence is available on the long-term health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO) in low-income and middle-income populations. We investigated the associations of long-term NO exposure with the incidence of a wide spectrum of disease outcomes, based on data from the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 512 724 Chinese adults aged 30-79 years recruited from ten areas of China during 2004-08.

Respiratory Benefits of Multisetting Air Purification in Children: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.

Importance: Particulate matter exposure has been linked to impaired respiratory health in children, but the respiratory benefits of air purification have not been fully elucidated.

Objectives: To assess the respiratory health outcomes among children exposed to multisetting air purification vs sham purification.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cluster randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted among healthy school-aged children (10-12 years) in China from April to December 2021.

PM Exposure as a Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

(1) Objective: This study investigated the relationship between long-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and optic disc parameters-vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), vertical optic disc diameter (vDD), and vertical optic cup diameter (vCD)-in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 65,750 T2DM patients in the 2017-2018 Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE). Optic disc parameters were extracted from fundus images, and PM exposure was estimated using a random forest model incorporating satellite and meteorological data.

Burden of infant mortality associated with flood in 37 African countries.

Floods are becoming more frequent and severe in the context of climate change, with major impacts on human health. However, their effect on infant mortality remains unknown, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a sibling-matched case-control study using individual-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys in Africa during 1990-2020.

Association of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature with bronchiectasis mortality: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study.

Background: Ambient pollution and non-optimal temperature are major risk factors for respiratory health. However, the relationships between short-term exposure to these factors and bronchiectasis mortality remain unknown.

Methods: A nationwide, time-stratified case-crossover study across Mainland China was conducted from 2013 to 2019.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence risk of various arrhythmias: A prospective cohort study.

To investigate the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with incident arrhythmia from various causes, this prospective cohort study included 442,386 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Residential annual average exposures at baseline were evaluated, including fine particles (PM), coarse particles (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and nitrogen oxides (NO). We further constructed a composite air pollution score (APS) to evaluate the concomitant exposure to these four pollutants.

Criteria air pollutants and HIV-related mortality: Insights from a nationwide case-crossover investigation.

The heightened vulnerability of individuals with HIV to environmental stressors is well-recognized, yet the role of air pollution in exacerbating HIV-related mortality remains underexplored. In this nationwide, individual-level case-crossover study conducted from 2013 to 2019, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to criteria air pollutants and HIV-related mortality. Our analysis of 38,510 HIV-related deaths revealed significant associations between exposure to PM, PM, NO, and CO and increased mortality risk.

Greenness on mortality of infant and under-5 child: A nationwide study in 147 Chinese cities.

Background: Higher greenness was associated with a lower risk of adult mortality. However, the effects of greenness on the mortality of infant and child under-5 have not been fully examined.

Objectives: The association of greenness on the infant mortality rate (IMR) and child under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in 147 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2020 was evaluated.

An Ensemble Machine Learning Model to Enhance Extrapolation Ability of Predicting Coarse Particulate Matter with High Resolutions in China.

Accurate exposure assessment is important for conducting PM-related epidemiological studies, which have been limited thus far. In this study, we aimed to develop an ensemble machine learning method to estimate PM concentrations in mainland China during 2013-2020. The study was conducted in two stages.