A Pilot Study of Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume as a Marker of PTSD in Childhood Trauma-Exposed Adult HIV-Infected Patients.

Evidence suggests that olfactory bulb (OB), a key structure in odor processing, may also be involved in mechanisms of traumatic stress. In animals, chronic stress reduces OB plasticity, and olfactory bulbectomy results in stress-enhanced startle reflex and autonomic dysregulation. However, OB morphometry has not been adequately studied in the development of stress disorders following childhood trauma in humans.

Intracranial hypotension secondary to spinal pathology: Diagnosis and treatment.

Spinal pathology resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and intracranial hypotension is an infrequently reported and a potentially severe cause of headaches. We present a case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak caused by a thoracic disk herniation successfully treated with two targeted epidural blood patches. Although patients typically present with orthostatic headaches, the imaging findings of intracranial hypotension should prompt investigation of the spine for site and cause of the CSF leakage.

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Imaging Findings in the Era of Cross-Sectional Imaging.

Imaging appearance and classification systems of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging will be reviewed. Computed tomography evaluation most accurately demonstrates OPLL length and thickness, whereas magnetic resonance imaging has the advantage of demonstrating abnormal signal in the cord. Neurologic symptoms are most common in the cervical spine and are related to the degree of spinal stenosis and presence of cord edema.

Neuroimaging of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) in children.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS, Gorlin syndrome) is an autosomal dominant condition with a wide range of manifestations, including multiple basal cell carcinomas, medulloblastoma, odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and skeletal abnormalities. Children with NBCCS also have a predisposition for secondary cancers after exposure to ionising radiation. In children undergoing imaging for posterior fossa mass and/or maxillofacial cysts, certain additional findings can raise the possibility of NBCCS.

CT angiography signs of lower extremity vascular trauma.

Objective: Specific CT angiography (CTA) signs of vascular injury can be readily detected, and additional information regarding osseous and soft-tissue injuries can also be routinely obtained. In this article, we illustrate the important CTA signs of lower extremity vascular injury.

Conclusion: CTA is efficient and accurate in the evaluation of clinically significant lower extremity arterial injuries after trauma.

Pancreatitis in initially occult gastric heterotopic pancreas.

Heterotopic pancreas is an uncommon but important entity in the differential diagnosis of a gastric mass, as it has management and prognostic implications distinct from other gastric tumors. We present a case of heterotopic pancreas in the stomach, which was initially endoscopically occult but developed superimposed pancreatitis leading to its clinical presentation and detection as an apparently new gastric neoplasm.