4D printing and optimization of biocompatible poly lactic acid/poly methyl methacrylate blends for enhanced shape memory and mechanical properties.

This study introduces a novel approach to 4D printing of biocompatible Poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) blends using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The goal is to optimize PMMA content, nozzle temperature, raster angle, and printing speed to enhance shape memory properties and mechanical strength. The materials, PLA and PMMA, are melt-blended and 4D printed using a pellet-based 3D printer.