Camelpox Virus in Western Kazakhstan: Assessment of the Role of Local Fauna as Reservoirs of Infection.

This article investigates the role of local fauna in Western Kazakhstan as potential reservoirs of the camelpox virus (CMLV). The study emphasizes analyzing possible sources and transmission pathways of the virus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological methods, including virus neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Samples were collected from both young and adult camels, as well as rodents, ticks and blood-sucking insects in the Mangystau and Atyrau regions.

Breaking the Barrier: SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Wild and Companion Animals and Their Implications for Public Health.

The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to significant interest in its potential transmission between animals and humans, especially pets. This review article summarises the literature on coronavirus infections in domestic animals, emphasising epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, and public health implications. This article highlights current understandings of the relationship between infections in companion animals and humans, identifies research gaps, and suggests directions for future research.

Pre-Clinical Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Coronavirus Protein-Based Subunit Vaccine for COVID-19.

Creating an effective and safe vaccine is critical to fighting the coronavirus infection successfully. Several types of COVID-19 vaccines exist, including inactivated, live attenuated, recombinant, synthetic peptide, virus-like particle-based, DNA and mRNA-based, and sub-unit vaccines containing purified immunogenic viral proteins. However, the scale and speed at which COVID-19 is spreading demonstrate a global public demand for an effective prophylaxis that must be supplied more.

Phylogenetic analysis of prospective M. bovis antigens with the aim of developing candidate vaccines for bovine tuberculosis.

Background: Bovine Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) that infects cattle. Though rare, this disease can also affect humans, as well as domestic and wild animals, making it a serious concern.

Safety and Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Vector-Based Vaccine for Bovine Tuberculosis.

This study presents the results of a survey of the safety and protective efficacy of a candidate vector-based vaccine for bovine tuberculosis, using an influenza vector with the NS1 mutation and expressing M. bovis protective antigens ESAT-6 and TB10.4.

Safety and immunogenicity of the first Kazakh inactivated vaccine for COVID-19.

This article describes the results of a preclinical safety and immunogenicity study of QazCovid-in®, the first COVID-19 vaccine developed in Kazakhstan, on BALB/c mice, rats, ferrets, Syrian hamsters and rhesus macaques (). The study's safety data suggests that this immunobiological preparation can be technically considered a Class 5 nontoxic vaccine. The series of injections that were made did not produce any adverse effect or any change in the general condition of the model animals' health, while macroscopy and histology studies identified no changes in the internal organs of the BALB/c mice and rats.

Near-Complete Genome Sequence of an H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Strain Isolated from a Swan in Southwest Kazakhstan in 2006.

We report the near-complete genome sequence of an influenza H5N1 virus strain isolated from a dead swan on the southeastern Caspian seashore in 2006. The results of the surface protein HA phylogenetic analysis showed that the A/swan/Mangystau/3/2006 virus belongs to the EA-nonGsGD clade.

Biological characterization of Pasteurella multocida present in the Saiga population.

Background: This study provides biochemical and molecular genetic characteristics of P. multocida isolated from dead saigas in 1988, 2010-2015 on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Results: Bacteriological samples taken from carcasses of saiga antelope during mortality events recorded in West Kazakhstan in both 2010 and 2011 and in Kostanay in 2012 and 2015 confirmed the presence of P.

New oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases.

Background: We developed a new oligonucleotide microarray comprising 16 identical subarrays for simultaneous rapid detection of avian viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infection bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in single- and mixed-virus infections. The objective of the study was to develop an oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian diseases that would be used in the course of mass analysis for routine epidemiological surveillance owing to its ability to test one specimen for several infections.

Methods And Results: The paper describes the technique for rapid and simultaneous diagnosis of avian diseases such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease with use of oligonucleotide microarray, conditions for hybridization of fluorescent-labelled viral cDNA on the microarray and its specificity tested with use of AIV, NDV, IBV, IBDV strains as well as biomaterials from poultry.