The First Awake Craniotomy for Seizure Focus Resection in Iran 2016.

Patient with refractory seizure may undergo awake craniotomy when the area to be resected is immediately adjacent to eloquent cortex. An awake craniotomy in a 30-year-old man was conducted using a scalp block, dexmedetomidine, and remifentanil infusion without any airway device throughout the procedure. Dexmedetomidine administered at a loading dose of 1 μg/kg and maintenance dose of 0.