Morphological and Clinical Characterization of Foveal Bulge Sign Three Years After Retinal Detachment Repair: A Longitudinal Prospective Evaluation.

Purpose: To evaluate optical-coherence-tomography (OCT)-morphological and clinical parameters three years after primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair surgery and the role of postoperative foveal bulge sign.

Methods: Of the 32 initially enrolled patients with primary RRD 20 (14 fovea-on, 6 fovea-off) completed this prospective study. Preoperatively and 3 years after surgery best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT including macula status, central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), thickness of each single retinal layer, integrity of cone-interdigitation-zone (CIZ) and ellipsoid zone (EZ), and presence of foveal bulge were evaluated.

[Macular folds after surgical repair of retinal detachment].

The incidence of retinal folds following surgical repair of retinal detachment is underestimated. The extent of retinal folds is variable and can include the complete retina with all layers and an apposition of the photoreceptor outer segments or only partially affect the outer or inner retinal layers. While complete folds can be relatively easily detected by clinical examination, discrete partial folds are sometimes difficult to assess biomicroscopically.

[Retinal detachment in children and adolescents. Specific clinical features].

Background: Due to the long life expectancy, retinal detachment is a special threat to visual acuity in children and adolescents. This study presents the clinical features of retinal detachment in childhood and adolescence up to the age of 20 years.

Patients And Methods: A cohort was selected comprising 259 patients who suffered from unilateral or bilateral retinal detachment, were not older than 20 years of age at the first diagnosis of the first or only affected eye and had undergone surgery at least once at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Center of Munich during a period of 18 years (1980-1998).

Comparison of Two Toric IOL Calculation Methods.

Purpose: To compare two calculators for toric intraocular lens (IOL) calculation and to evaluate the prediction of refractive outcome.

Methods: Sixty-four eyes of forty-five patients underwent cataract surgery followed by implantation of a toric intraocular lens (Zeiss Torbi 709 M) calculated by a standard industry calculator using front keratometry values. Prediction error, median absolute error, and refractive astigmatism error were evaluated for the standard calculator.

Odorant Receptor 51E2 Agonist β-ionone Regulates RPE Cell Migration and Proliferation.

The odorant receptor 51E2 (OR51E2), which is well-characterized in prostate cancer cells and epidermal pigment cells, was identified for the first time as the most highly expressed OR in human fetal and adult retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis revealed OR51E2 localization throughout the cytosol and in the plasma membrane. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of diverse layers of the eye showed that the expression of OR51E2 is restricted to the pigment cells of the RPE and choroid.

Using Electronic Health Records to Build an Ophthalmologic Data Warehouse and Visualize Patients' Data.

Purpose: To develop a near-real-time data warehouse (DW) in an academic ophthalmologic center to gain scientific use of increasing digital data from electronic medical records (EMR) and diagnostic devices.

Design: Database development.

Methods: Specific macular clinic user interfaces within the institutional hospital information system were created.

Deep Sequencing of the Human Retinae Reveals the Expression of Odorant Receptors.

Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of odorant receptors (ORs) occurs in various tissues. These findings have served as a basis for functional studies that demonstrate the potential of ORs as drug targets for a clinical application. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first evaluation of the mRNA expression of ORs and the localization of OR proteins in the human retina that set a stage for subsequent functional analyses.

Viability of Primary Human Pigment Epithelium Cells and Muller-Glia Cells after Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept and Aflibercept.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to access the safety profiles of 2 fusion proteins with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor action (ziv-aflibercept and aflibercept) on retinal pigment epithelium cells and Muller-Glia cells in culture by assessing cell viability post drug exposure.

Methods: Primary human retinal pigment epithelium cells (pRPE) and Muller-Glia cells (Mio-M1) were exposed to the clinical standardized concentrations of ziv-aflibercept (25 mg/mL) and aflibercept (40 mg/mL). Progressively higher concentrations of NaCl (300, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mosm/kg) were also applied to cells to assess the possibility of potentiating hyperosmotic cytotoxity effect.

Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Testing in Dry Eye Disease Using a Commercially Available Point-of-Care Immunoassay.

Purpose: To measure matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the tear film of patients with dry eye disease (DED) compared with controls and to correlate clinical findings.

Design: In a prospective study, 101 patients and controls underwent MMP-9 testing of the tear film. Thereafter, they were evaluated for symptoms and signs of DED.

INTRAPAPILLARY PROLIFERATION IN OPTIC DISK PITS: Clinical Findings and Time-Related Changes.

Purpose: To investigate the structural changes of intrapapillary proliferations associated with optic disk pits (ODPs) and optic disk pit maculopathy (ODP-M) using enhanced depth-spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-EDI-OCT) and megahertz optical coherence tomography (MHz-OCT).

Methods: Sixteen eyes of patients with ODPs were studied. Papillary and peripapillary areas were repeatedly examined with SD-EDI-OCT over time.

The influence of a specific ophthalmological electronic health record on ICD-10 coding.

Background: A specific Electronic Health Record (EHR) for ophthalmology was introduced in an academic center in Germany. As diagnoses coding corresponding to the International Classification of Diseases Version 10 (ICD-10) is mandatory for billing reasons in Germany, we analyzed whether a change occurred in the diversity and number of diagnoses after the EHR introduction. The number of patients was also analyzed.

[Smart eye data : Development of a foundation for medical research using Smart Data applications].

Background: Smart Data means intelligent data accumulation and the evaluation of large data sets. This is particularly important in ophthalmology as more and more data are being created. Increasing knowledge and personalized therapies are expected by combining clinical data from electronic health records (EHR) with measurement data.

[Intraocular Lens as a Drug Delivery Device: State of the Art and Future Perspective].

Development of an intraocular lens (IOL) as a drug delivery device has been pursued for many years and is a promising concept in modern cataract surgery. Common postoperative conditions such as posterior capsule opacification (PCO), intraocular inflammation or the rare but severe complications of cataract surgery like endophthalmitis are potential therapeutic targets for a drug-eluting IOL. There are three techniques of pharmacological IOL modification: Firstly, surface modification of the IOL ("coating"); secondly, IOL optic modification ("soaking") and lastly, loading the IOL haptics with a slow release system.

Comparing Different Decontamination Procedures in Harvesting Human Donor Cornea.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of current hygiene standards for the enucleation of postmortem eyes by investigating the number of microorganisms during subsequent steps of decontamination and tissue processing.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, non-randomized cohort study includes 184 postmortem eyes of 92 human donors. Enucleation was performed, according to an ophthalmic surgical procedure.

Dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe retrobulbar hemorrhage following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe retrobulbar hemorrhage following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilans Universität, München, Germany.

Design: Retrospective study.

Evaluation of the New "SAVE" Protocol in Diabetic Macular Edema Over the Course of Anti-VEGF Treatment.

Background: To evaluate a recently established grading protocol for diabetic macular edema (DME) over the course of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment with ranibizumab.

Methods: Fluorescein angiography images and optical coherence tomography scans before treatment and after 3 monthly applied intravitreal ranibizumab injections were retrospectively graded for each included study eye according to the recently introduced "SAVE" grading protocol ("S"= subretinal fluid; "A"= "area of retinal thickening"; "V"="vitreo-retinal abnormalities"; "E"="etiology of leakage focal versus non-focal") and correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in letters (lett).

Results: Five of the 39 included study eyes had subretinal fluid ("S") before treatment which resolved during treatment.

Evaluation of Changes in Human Corneas After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK and Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) Using Non-Contact Tonometry and Ultra-High-Speed Camera (Corvis ST).

Purpose: To evaluate theoretical biomechanical advantages of human corneas treated with small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) compared with femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) Patients and methods: In a prospective, comparative, non-randomized, consecutive case series patients with moderate to high myopia and/or astigmatism underwent corneal refractive surgery. Patients either received standard FS-LASIK or SMILE. Preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively data were analyzed including tomography with Pentacam HR, Goldmann tonometry, non-contact tonometry, and deformability of the cornea using an ultra-high-speed camera (Corvis ST).

Combined 60° Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Maps and High-Definition En Face Vasculature Visualization Using Swept-Source Megahertz OCT at 1050 nm.

Purpose: To demonstrate ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1.68 million A-scans/s for choroidal imaging in normal and diseased eyes over a ∼60° field of view. To investigate and correlate wide-field three-dimensional (3D) choroidal thickness (ChT) and vascular patterns using ChT maps and coregistered high-definition en face images extracted from a single densely sampled Megahertz-OCT (MHz-OCT) dataset.

Correlative Microscopy of Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation.

Purpose. To describe morphology of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) removed from eyes with lamellar macular holes (LMH). Methods.

Functional and Morphological Correlations before and after Video-Documented 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Membrane and ILM Peeling in Patients with Macular Pucker.

Purpose. To assess functional and morphological alterations following video-documented surgery for epiretinal membranes. Methods.