Readiness of adults with type 1 diabetes and diabetes caregivers for diabetes distress monitoring using a voice-based digital health solution: insights from the PsyVoice mixed methods study.

Objectives: Diabetes distress can negatively affect the well-being of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Voice-based (VB) technology can be used to develop inexpensive and ecological tools for managing diabetes distress. This study explored the competencies to engage with digital health services, needs and preferences of individuals with T1D or caring for a child with this condition regarding VB technology to inform the tailoring of a co-designed tool for supporting diabetes distress management.

Subjective cognitive decline in healthy older adults is associated with altered processing of negative versus positive feedback in a probabilistic learning task.

Older adults who worry about their own cognitive capabilities declining, but who do not show evidence of actual cognitive decline in neuropsychological tests, are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with dementia at a later time. Since neural markers may be more sensitive to early stages of cognitive decline, in the present study we examined whether event-related potential responses of feedback processing, elicited in a probabilistic learning task, differ between healthy older adults recruited from the community, who either did (subjective cognitive decline/SCD-group) or did not report (No-SCD group) worry about their own cognition declining beyond the normal age-related development. In the absence of group differences in learning from emotionally charged feedback in the probabilistic learning task, the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) varied with feedback valence differently in the two groups: In the No-SCD group, the FRN was larger for positive than negative feedback, while in the SCD group, FRN amplitude did not differ between positive and negative feedback.

The survival processing effect in episodic memory in older adults and stroke patients.

In the present study, we tested whether processing information in the context of an ancestral survival scenario enhances episodic memory performance in older adults and in stroke patients. In an online study (Experiment 1), healthy young and older adults rated words according to their relevance to an ancestral survival scenario, and subsequent free recall performance was compared to a pleasantness judgment task and a moving scenario task in a within-subject design. The typical survival processing effect was replicated: Recall rates were highest in the survival task, followed by the moving and the pleasantness judgment task.

Examining the role of stimulus complexity in item and associative memory.

Episodic memory comprises memory for individual information units (item memory) and for the connections among them (associative memory). In two experiments using an object pair learning task, we examined the effect of visual stimulus complexity on memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms and on item and associative memory performance. Subjects encoded pairs of black monochrome object images (low complexity, LC condition) or color photographs of objects (high complexity, HC condition) via interactive imagery, and subsequently item and associative recognition were tested.

Network-driven cancer cell avatars for combination discovery and biomarker identification for DNA damage response inhibitors.

Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™.

Unraveling How Membrane Nanostructure Changes Impact the Eye Irritation of Nonionic Alkyl Ethoxylate Surfactants.

Nonionic surfactants used in agri-spraying processes may cause varying degrees of corneal irritation when they come in direct contact with farmers' eyes, and the exact irritations are thought to be determined by how surfactants interact with corneal cell membranes. However, how nonionic surfactants interact with cell membranes at the molecular and nano levels remains largely unexplored. In this study, the interactions between nonionic surfactants (alkyl ethoxylate, CE) and lipid membranes were examined by membrane permeability measurement, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, dual polarization interferometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and neutron reflection, aiming to reveal complementary structural features at the molecular and nano levels.

Reduced concentration performance and heartbeat-evoked potential in individuals with a history of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The goal of characterizing long-term psychological and neural consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently gained importance. Here, we examined the effect of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on neural markers of exteroceptive (P300) and interoceptive (heartbeat-evoked potential; HEP) signal processing, as well as on neuropsychological tests of attention, inhibition and episodic memory, in 23 adults with a self-reported history of SARS-CoV-2 infection versus 23 healthy controls. We found that the group with a prior infection showed decreased HEP (but not P300) amplitudes, as well as reduced attention/concentration performance.

Observing memory encoding while it unfolds: Functional interpretation and current debates regarding ERP subsequent memory effects.

Our ability to remember the past depends on neural processes set in train in the moment an event is experienced. These processes can be studied by segregating brain activity according to whether an event is later remembered or forgotten. The present review integrates a large number of studies examining this differential brain activity, labeled subsequent memory effect (SME), with the ERP technique, into a functional organization and discusses routes for further research.

Reliability and stability of oddball P300 amplitude in older adults: The role of stimulus sequence effects.

The P300 may be an individual difference marker of neuro-cognitive function, which due to age-related cognitive decline may be particularly useful in older adults. Recently, we reported effects of the local stimulus sequence in an oddball task (i.e.

Pre-associative item encoding influences associative memory: Behavioral and ERP evidence.

It is unknown whether the manner with which an item is encoded in isolation, immediately before it is encoded into an inter-inter association, influences associative memory. We therefore presented the items of to-be-encoded associative pairings sequentially and manipulated how each first item of a pair was encoded (before associative encoding could begin). Furthermore, we recorded ERPs during memory encoding to investigate the neurocognitive processes that might relate pre-associative item encoding to subsequent associative memory performance.

A Flare Risk Index Informed by Select Immune Mediators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is marked by immune dysregulation linked to varied clinical disease activity. Using a unique longitudinal cohort of SLE patients, this study sought to identify optimal immune mediators informing an empirically refined flare risk index (FRI) reflecting altered immunity prior to clinical disease flare.

Methods: Thirty-seven SLE-associated plasma mediators were evaluated by microfluidic immunoassay in 46 samples obtained in SLE patients with an imminent clinical disease flare (preflare) and 53 samples obtained in SLE patients without a flare over a corresponding period (pre-nonflare).

An examination of task factors that influence the associative memory deficit in aging.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in associative memory, whereas item memory remains relatively stable compared to young adults. This age-related associative deficit is well replicated, but its mechanisms and influencing factors during learning are still largely unclear. In the present study, we examined mediators of the age-related associative deficit, including encoding intentionality, strategy instructions, the timing of the memory test (immediate vs.

Translocating proteins compartment-specifically alter the fate of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a compartmentalized Boolean network model.

Regulation of translocating proteins is crucial in defining cellular behaviour. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in cellular processes, such as cancer progression. Several orchestrators of EMT, such as key transcription factors, are known to translocate.

On the role of item encoding mechanisms in associative memory in young and older adults: A mass univariate ERP study.

We examined the role of item encoding mechanisms in older adults' disproportionate deficit in memory for associations and individual differences therein. Young and older adults encoded sequentially presented object pairs via interactive imagery while their EEG was recorded. Compared to the young adults, older adults exhibited a reduction in associative, but not in item memory performance.

Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation are associated with increased disease activity, inflammation, and interferon pathway activation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

SLE is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by an unpredictable relapsing-remitting disease course. Although the etiology and mechanisms of SLE flares remain elusive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is implicated in SLE pathogenesis. This study examined the relationships between serological measures of EBV reactivation, disease activity, and interferon (IFN)-associated immune pathways in SLE patients.

Realistic context doesn't amplify the survival processing effect: Lessons learned from Covid-19 scenarios.

Imagining being stranded in the grasslands of an unknown territory without basic survival materials and subsequently rating the relevance of words for this situation leads to exceptionally good memory for these words. This survival processing effect has received much attention, primarily because it has been argued to disclose the evolutionary foundations of human memory. So far, only fictitious scenarios were used to demonstrate this effect.

Stress effects on the oddball P300 and N2 in males and females.

We examined the effect of psychosocial stress on electrophysiological markers of novelty and deviance processing, the N2 and P300, as well as sex differences therein. Participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control procedure, followed by an oddball paradigm. A physiological stress response was induced in both sexes in the TSST condition.

Modular Reorganization of Signaling Networks during the Development of Colon Adenoma and Carcinoma.

Network science is an emerging tool in systems biology and oncology, providing novel, system-level insight into the development of cancer. The aim of this project was to study the signaling networks in the process of oncogenesis to explore the adaptive mechanisms taking part in the cancerous transformation of healthy cells. For this purpose, colon cancer proved to be an excellent candidate as the preliminary phase, and adenoma has a long evolution time.

Increasing confidence in waiving dermal toxicity studies: A comparison of oral and dermal acute data with alternative approaches for agrochemicals and products.

The refinement of OECD 402 study design and criteria under which the study can be waived has been welcomed in some regulatory regions but met with uncertainty in others. To address these human safety concerns, previously available in vivo acute oral and acute dermal toxicity data was evaluated from a total of 597 agrochemical active ingredients and products. It was identified that all active ingredients and 99.

Older adults show a higher heartbeat-evoked potential than young adults and a negative association with everyday metacognition.

The ability to monitor internal bodily and cognitive processes is essential for everyday functioning and independence in older adults, because it allows for adjustments when lapses in performance are imminent. In the present study, age-related morphological changes to the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), an electrophysiological cortical representation of cardiac signals, and its association with self-reported everyday cognition were examined. A community sample of older adults showed an increased HEP amplitude, which could reflect a stronger representation of early stages of cardiac interoception, and a more anterior scalp distribution of the HEP, suggesting a more widespread configuration of the underlying neural generators, compared to a group of young adults.

Adaptive Memory: Independent Effects of Survival Processing and Reward Motivation on Memory.

Humans preferentially remember information processed for their survival relevance, a memorial benefit known as the . Memory is also biased towards information associated with the prospect of reward. Given the adaptiveness of these effects, they may depend on similar mechanisms.

Frontal ERP slow waves during memory encoding are associated with affective attitude formation.

A neutral stimulus can acquire valence by being paired with a valenced stimulus, leading to a new attitude towards the previously neutral stimulus. There is, however, considerable debate about the mechanisms that underlie this process of affective attitude formation. Therefore, in the present study we employed a single-trial, intentional learning procedure that paired neutral with valenced words while recording ERP activity, and measured subsequent memory and subsequent attitudes for the pre-experimentally neutral words immediately following learning.

How can I use it? The role of functional fixedness in the survival-processing paradigm.

After imagining being stranded in the grasslands of a foreign land without any basic survival material and rating objects with respect to their relevance in this situation, participants show superior memory performance for these objects compared to a control scenario. A possible mechanism responsible for this memory advantage is the richness and distinctiveness with which information is encoded in the survival-scenario condition. When confronted with the unusual task of thinking about how an object can be used in a life-threatening context, participants will most likely consider both common and uncommon (i.