Elevated ratio of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 level and platelet count (C2PAC) aids in the diagnosis of post-operative venous thromboembolism in IDH-wildtype gliomas.

Introduction: Podoplanin (PDPN) is known to induce platelet aggregation via interacting with the C-type lectin-like receptor-2 on platelets and is involved in postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) formation. In this study, we investigate the correlation between soluble C-type lectin-like receptor (sCLEC-2) levels and PDPN expression in patients with high grade gliomas and the relationship between sCLEC-2 levels and the occurrence of VTE.

Materials And Methods: Forty-four patients harboring high grade gliomas, treated surgically at the Department of Neurosurgery, Niigata University from April 2018 to August 2020, were included.

Development of a newly immunoassay specific for mouse presepsin (sCD14-ST).

Presepsin (sCD14-ST) is used as a marker for sepsis diagnosis. The production mechanism of presepsin is unique in that it is produced through phagocytosis of microorganisms. However, some studies have demonstrated that non-infected patients had increased presepsin levels and that presepsin is related to the risk or severity of diseases.

Antibody-mediated soluble CD14 stabilization prevents agitation-induced increases in presepsin levels in blood component specimens.

Presepsin is a 13-kDa N-terminal glycoprotein of CD14. Previously, agitation-induced increases in presepsin levels have been reported; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of presepsin increase.

Anti-human CD14 monoclonal antibody improves survival following sepsis induced by endotoxin, but not following polymicrobial infection.

Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), a pattern recognition receptor expressed on myeloid cells and a critical component of the innate immune system, mediates local and systemic host responses to gram-negative bacterial products, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, CD14 is an attractive target for development of sepsis therapies, and several monoclonal anti-CD14 antibodies have been reported. In this study, we prepared an anti-human CD14 monoclonal antibody, F1024-1-3, which suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an adhesion molecule in human peripheral mononuclear cells and human vascular endothelial cells.

Establishment of immunoassay for platelet-derived soluble glycoprotein VI, a novel platelet marker.

Soluble Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is an attractive marker for disorders marked by platelet activation, such as thrombotic microangiopathy, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Several groups have already developed an immunoassay for soluble GPVI; however, there are several discrepancies between the groups' assays. In this study, we prepared the two types of recombinant soluble GPVI, the monomeric form GPVI (GPVI-His) and the dimeric form of GPVI (GPVI-Fc), moreover, we generated four anti-GPVI antibodies, F1232-7-1 (7S1), F1232-10-2 (10S2), F1232-19-1 (19D1), and F1232-21-1 (21D1).

Properties of soluble glycoprotein VI, a potential platelet activation biomarker.

Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a critical role in the platelet response to collagen. Clinical studies suggest that the plasma level of soluble GPVI (sGPVI) is a highly specific and useful platelet activation marker. However, many properties of sGPVI have not been fully characterized, such as its sensitivity in detecting platelet activation and its elimination rate from the blood.

A novel antiplatelet antibody therapy that induces cAMP-dependent endocytosis of the GPVI/Fc receptor gamma-chain complex.

Platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium, mediated in part by interactions between collagen and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) complexed with Fc receptor gamma-chain, is crucial for thrombus formation. Antiplatelet therapy benefits patients with various thrombotic and ischemic diseases, but the safety and efficacy of existing treatments are limited. Recent data suggest GPVI as a promising target for a novel antiplatelet therapy, for example, GPVI-specific Abs that deplete GPVI from the surface of platelets.

Evaluation of a newly identified soluble CD14 subtype as a marker for sepsis.

CD14, a high-affinity receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface membranes of monocytes/macrophages. We have identified a previously unknown form of soluble CD14, named soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST), that is increased in patients with sepsis. To measure sCD14-ST concentrations in plasma, we prepared anti-sCD14-ST antibodies and developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for this soluble form of CD14.

Role of meltrin {alpha} (ADAM12) in obesity induced by high- fat diet.

Meltrin alpha is a member of the metalloprotease-disintegrin (ADAM) family. In this paper we demonstrate that meltrin alpha is involved in the development of white adipose tissue. Compared with wild-type mice, meltrin alpha(-/-) mice displayed moderate resistance to weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, mainly because of an impaired increase in the number of adipocytes.

The expression of Fas and Fas ligand, and the effects of interferon in chronic liver diseases with hepatitis C virus.

In viral hepatitis, binding of Fas ligand (FasL) with Fas expressed on the surfaces of infected hepatocytes induces apoptosis, removing hepatitis virus along with infected hepatocytes. We measured serum concentrations of soluble Fas (sFas) and FasL (sFasL), expression of membrane-bound FasL, and expression of FasL-mRNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis (CH-C) and chronic hepatitis C with liver cirrhosis (LC-C). In CH-C, sFasL concentrations were lower and FasL-mRNA expression was significantly less than in volunteers.

Platelet-derived growth factor-b expression induced after rat peripheral nerve injuries.

Schwann cells are crucially important for peripheral nerve regeneration. These cells synthesize several factors that are supposed to enhance axonal regeneration when injured. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-chain and its beta-receptor are expressed in Schwann cells in both normal peripheral nerves and culture.

Plasma and urine levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis.

Background And Aim: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) is synthesized by hepatocytes and excreted into urine. Plasma and urine UTI levels have been measured to evaluate whether these levels may be useful markers in various pathological conditions. However, there has been no study on plasma and urine UTI levels in patients with acute liver diseases.

Increased circulating levels of soluble Fas ligand are correlated with disease activity in patients with fibrosing lung diseases.

Objective: The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) pathway is one of the important apoptosis-signalling molecule systems. We previously determined that this pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosing lung diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical significance of the levels of soluble forms of Fas (sFas) and FasL (sFasL) in serum from patients with fibrosing lung diseases.