Treatment of subcutaneous lipomas in the horse.

Objective: To describe the treatment of subcutaneous lipomas in the horse.

Animals: 3 horses.

Clinical Presentation: The horses were aged 1 to 2 years old, with lipoma of the abdomen, prepuce, and tarsus.

Musculoskeletal examination of the forelimb of the horse.

Objective: The intention of this tutorial video is to illustrate the methods of examining the forelimb and neck of a horse in order to identify abnormalities that may be associated with lameness or disease.

Animal: A 16-year-old quarter horse gelding was used for examination.

Methods: The horse was examined for abnormalities by means of physical examination.

Rectal tear repair using barbed suture in the horse.

Objective: To describe the repair utilizing integral-anchor barbed suture in equine rectal tears.

Animals: 3 horses aged 3 to 10 years old with grade 3 to 4 rectal tears.

Clinical Presentation: Grade 3 and 4 rectal tears were referred for surgical repair immediately after iatrogenic tearing or tearing during parturition.

Evaluation of Tissue Apposition and Seroma Prevention in an Ovine Model of Surgical Dead Space Using a Novel Air-Purged Vacuum Closure System.

Background: Postoperative complications associated with seroma formation resulting from surgical dead space continue to present a challenge in modern surgery. There is an unmet need for new technologies that address surgical dead space as well as prevent seroma formation and associated downstream postoperative complications.

Methods: The novel implantable tissue apposition and drainage system ENIVO was developed and tested in a bilateral ovine external abdominal oblique (EAO) resection model of surgical dead space.

Immune response to allogeneic equine mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are believed to be hypoimmunogeneic with potential use for allogeneic administration.

Methods: Bone marrow was harvested from Connemara (n = 1), Standardbred (n = 6), and Thoroughbred (n = 3) horses. MSCs were grouped by their level of expression of major histocompatibility factor II (MHC II).

Interactions Between Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and the Recipient Immune System: A Comparative Review With Relevance to Equine Outcomes.

Despite significant immunosuppressive activity, allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) carry an inherent risk of immune rejection when transferred into a recipient. In naïve recipients, this immune response is initially driven by the innate immune system, an immediate reaction to the foreign cells, and later, the adaptive immune system, a delayed response that causes cell death due to recognition of specific alloantigens by host cells and antibodies. This review describes the actions of MSCs to both suppress and activate the different arms of the immune system.

CellTrace Violet™ inhibits equine lymphocyte proliferation.

CellTrace Violet™ is a commonly used fluorescent dye used with flow cytometry to identify cell proliferation. Activated equine lymphocytes were examined using flow cytometry, microscopy and tritiated thymidine proliferation assays. CellTrace Violet™ was incorporated into the equine lymphocytes effectively.

Blood type and breed-associated differences in cell marker expression on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells including major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression.

Background: As the search for an immune privileged allogeneic donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line continues in equine medicine, the characterization of the cells between different sources becomes important. Our research seeks to more clearly define the MSC marker expression of different equine MSC donors.

Methods: The bone marrow-derived MSCs from two equine breeds and different blood donor-types were compared over successive culture passages to determine the differential expression of important antigens.

Gene biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

Objective: To use microarray analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

Animals: 24 horses.

Procedures: During arthroscopic surgery, a fragment was created in the distal aspect of the radiocarpal bone in 1 forelimb of each horse to induce osteoarthritis.

A descriptive study of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint using magnetic resonance imaging, contrast arthrography, and arthroscopy.

Objective: To describe regions of the thoracic and pelvic limb proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints that are arthroscopically accessible and identify soft tissue structures that should be avoided during arthroscope and instrument placement.

Study Design: Experimental ex vivo descriptive study.

Animals: Horses (n = 15).

Recurrence of renosplenic entrapment after renosplenic space ablation in a seven-year-old stallion.

Case Description: A 7-year-old mixed-breed stallion was admitted because of colic.

Clinical Findings: Entrapment of the left colon in the renosplenic space was diagnosed via rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination, despite a renosplenic space ablation 6.5 years earlier.