Model of quality of life in a group of people with chronic low back pain.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the leading causes of a reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Various methods effectively improve patients' performance and coping with their symptoms in the short term. The lack of focus on psychological factors, thus overlooking an important element of the holistic model, may result in the modest long-term improvement.

Predictors of pretraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.

Background: Pretraumatic stress has the same symptoms as post-traumatic stress but instead pertains to anticipated threats. There is evidence that pretraumatic stress occurs among soldiers and pregnant people.

Objective: We analyzed correlates of pretraumatic stress concerning the threat of COVID-19 infection.

Perception of the Presumption of Innocence in the Context of Media Depictions of Violence: The Role of Participant's Gender, Type of Crime, and Defendant's Socioeconomic Status.

The #MeToo movement has provoked a worldwide discussion about sexual violence. Some critics of the movement argue that it violates the presumption of innocence. In the current study, we investigated the determinants of the perception of the presumption of innocence in the context of media depictions of violence.

Factors associated with burnout in Polish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the healthcare system under substantial strain that has caused elevated psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs). Previous studies have found a high prevalence of burnout among HCWs exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and have delineated some associated factors, but further research is needed. Little is known, for example, whether the economic status of HCWs or experiencing negative and positive emotions contribute to burnout.

Myths Concerning Sexual Violence Toward Women in Poland, Hungary, and Norway in the Context of System Justification Theory: The Role of Beliefs in the Biological Origins of Gender Differences and Ambivalent Sexism.

The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes toward rape in Poland, Hungary, and Norway. Based on system justification theory, we examined whether country of origin predicts levels of rape myth acceptance, beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences, and ambivalent sexism. There is also some evidence that beliefs in the biological origins of gender differences predict rape myth among Polish students and that this relationship is mediated by hostile sexism.

Eudaimonic and Hedonic Psychological Well-Being among Parents of Children with Cancer before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

The main aim of this study was to analyze the eudaimonic and hedonic well-being of parents of children with cancer by considering the role of a global stressor-the COVID-19 pandemic. One group of parents was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other was assessed before it occurred. It was hypothesized that there may be a cumulative effect of stress, with parents expressing lower well-being during the pandemic due to the accumulation of stress related to their child's illness and the pandemic.

Barriers and facilitators of willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19: Role of prosociality, authoritarianism and conspiracy mentality. A four-wave longitudinal study.

Aim: We investigated longitudinal relations between individual willingness to undergo vaccination against COVID-19 and three social factors: conspiracy mentality, prosociality, and authoritarianism.

Method: This longitudinal study comprised four measurement points. The first wave sample included 1130 responses and was representative of the Polish population in terms of gender, age, and place of residence.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability - The Role of Intrusive and Deliberate Ruminations: A Preliminary Report.

Background: The aim of this study was to find out if mothers of children with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate symptoms of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth (PTG), and to define the role of intrusive and deliberate ruminations in this area.

Methods: The questionnaire-based study included 85 mothers of children with ID. Three standardized questionnaires were used: Impact of Event Scale-Revised, PTG Inventory, Event-Related Rumination Scale.

Smoking Status, Body Mass Index, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Acceptance of Life With Illness in Stable Outpatients With COPD.

Smoking and obesity are important factors related to the etiology and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to carry out deeper analyses of the links between smoking status and body mass index as well as of the links between individual dimensions of health-related quality of life (QoL) and acceptance of life with disease in patients with COPD. Information about BMI, smoking status, clinical features of COPD, a COPD assessment test, and airflow obstruction indicators were obtained from 105 outpatients attending a pulmonary clinic.

The role of psychological and medical variables in the process of adaptation to life with chronic illness in a group of COPD outpatients.

Many studies suggest that psychological factors play an important role in chronic diseases. This study aimed to describe the role of certain medical variables (airflow obstruction indicators), personal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the process of adaptation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Brief COPE inventory, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, COPD Assessment Test, and the Acceptance of Life with the Disease Scale were completed by 111 outpatients.

The positive influence of psychological intervention on the level of anxiety and depression in dialysis patients: A pilot study.

Medical progress in dialysis therapy made it possible to treat patients with the end-stage renal disease for many years. But at the other side it may lead to profound changes in everyday life and may induce depression and anxiety. The research presented in this article explores the influence of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression levels in patients undergoing dialysis therapy.

Gray's Personality Dimensions and Reasons for Voluntary Sleep Deprivation Among College Students.

Tendency toward healthy and health-risk behavior is associated with external factors, and healthy lifestyle affects its quality. Activation of Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and its association with sleeping habits provides insight into the correlates of voluntary sleep deprivation. Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between BIS/BAS activity and reasons for voluntary sleep deprivation among young adults and to assess benefits and costs of decreasing sleep duration.

Quality of Life and PTSD Symptoms, and Temperament and Coping With Stress.

Due to advances in medicine, a malignant neoplasm is a chronic disease that can be treated for a lot of patients for many years. It may lead to profound changes in everyday life and may induce fear of life. The ability to adjust to a new situation may depend on temperamental traits and stress coping strategies.

Mixed Psychological Changes Following Mastectomy: Unique Predictors and Heterogeneity of Post-traumatic Growth and Post-traumatic Depreciation.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and its opposite-post-traumatic depreciation (PTD)-may be treated as important indicators of the patient quality of life. In the absence of studies on both, PTG and PTD in cancer patients, we investigated (1) coping strategies and support effectiveness as predictors of PTG and PTD in post-mastectomy women, (2) homogeneous classes with different intensity of PTG and PTD symptoms, and (3) correlates of class membership. Coping strategies (Brief COPE), support effectiveness (SSE-Q), PTG (PTGI), and PTD (negatively reworded items of PTGI) were measured in 84 post-mastectomy women (mean age = 62.

[Hormonal contraception use in social and psychological context].

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to consider, form psychological point of view, hormonal contraception and its effects on women's body and health. Beliefs and decisions of young women in this area are the main plane of these analyzes. This study reflects on their motivations to use or not to use hormonal contraception and rate its influence on their body.

Personality traits and coping styles in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine whether women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome differ from healthy women as regards personality traits and coping styles.

Material And Methods: Personality (the Big Five) and coping styles (problem-, emotion- and avoidance-focused coping) were analyzed in a group of 46 women with MRKH syndrome (age: M = 23.48; SD = 4.

[Hypospadias--a psychological view. Psychosocial and psychosexual implications].

This theoretical research paper refers to the psychological consequences ofhypospadias, a male congenital deficiency of the urethra. Hypospadias is defined as an abnormal opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis and is a frequently found malformation with an incidence of 1 per 300 males. This malformation affects one of the most personal parts of the male anatomy and its psychological repercussions are undeniable.

Toward the clarification of ideas: medical futility, persistent/obstinate therapy and extra/ordinary means.

Despite reluctance of a part of medical society to accept the moral and/or legal permission to euthanasia, there is seemingly a common agreement on the need to resolve the problem of excessive therapy. Several ethical concepts are used to justify decisions to withhold/withdraw such treatment. Three of them are of particular value.

Psychological background of pro-health behavior.

In this study, psychological conditions of pro-health lifestyle behavior have been analyzed. A first research group consisted of 88 healthy people (44 males, 44 females) aged 19-39. Psychological analysis showed a positive correlation between the internal locus of control and adherence to healthy diets; a correlation extending to the knowledge about healthy food.

[The emotional intelligence and coping with stress among medical students].

Background: The emotional intelligence is a basis for active, adaptive coping with stress. The persons with high emotional intelligence can better recognize potential stressors, can use emotions in coping with problem, as far as they cope in better way with negative emotions evoking in stressful situation. The authors verify the thesis that individual style of coping with stress is connected with the level of emotional intelligence.

Factors protecting against risk behavior concerning the psychoactive substances used by adolescents.

Unlabelled: The purpose of the research described in this article was to identify factors which protect young people against risk behavior such as alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and drug abuse.

Methods: The research group covered 1,041 students of right secondary schools from central and north Poland aged 14 and 15 years with the number of girls slightly higher 560 (53.8%) than the number of boys 481 (46.

Self-evaluation in dialysis patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to present the results of a self-reported evaluation of the psychoemotional status by dialysis patients. The level of self-esteem influences the emotions felt, both positive and negative, which in turn may determine the adherence to treatment instructions, and which certainly is reflected in the somatic condition.

Material And Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial using a sample of 102 fully informed and consenting patients with end-stage renal disease and 102 people from the general population.

[Observations of tolerance of bright light treatment in psychiatry].

Unlabelled: Bright light (BL) treatment is a new biological treatment used in psychiatry. The probable mechanisms of action of BL treatment are synchronisation of biological rhythms and increase of serotonin transmission in the human brain. The main indication for BL treatment is seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

[Cognitive appraisal and psychic comfort of patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy].

In spite of the constant development of pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains highly efficient form of therapy in psychiatry. Among the interesting aspects connected with ECT we can mention patients' attitude and their psychic comfort. Since many patients undergoing ECT treat the situation as stressful, the research being done has been situated in a relational stress paradigm.