Bone Regeneration Capabilities of Scaffolds Containing Chitosan and Nanometric Hydroxyapatite-Systematic Review Based on In Vivo Examinations.

In this systematic review, the authors aimed to investigate the state of knowledge on in vivo evaluations of chitosan and nanometric hydroxyapatite (nanohydroxyapatite, nHAp) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration. In March 2024, an electronic search was systematically conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases using the keywords (hydroxyapatite) AND (chitosan) AND (scaffold) AND (biomimetic). Methodologically, the systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol to the letter.

CRISPR Screening of Transcribed Super-Enhancers Identifies Drivers of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most therapeutically recalcitrant form of breast cancer, which is due in part to the paucity of targeted therapies. A systematic analysis of regulatory elements that extend beyond protein-coding genes could uncover avenues for therapeutic intervention. To this end, we analyzed the regulatory mechanisms of TNBC-specific transcriptional enhancers together with their noncoding enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcripts.

Defining the Regulatory Logic of Breast Cancer Using Single-Cell Epigenetic and Transcriptome Profiling.

Annotation of the -regulatory elements that drive transcriptional dysregulation in cancer cells is critical to improving our understanding of tumor biology. Herein, we present a compendium of matched chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and transcriptome (scRNA-seq) profiles at single-cell resolution from human breast tumors and healthy mammary tissues processed immediately following surgical resection. We identify the most likely cell-of-origin for luminal breast tumors and basal breast tumors and then introduce a novel methodology that implements linear mixed-effects models to systematically quantify associations between regions of chromatin accessibility (i.

Tamoxifen Response at Single-Cell Resolution in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Primary Human Breast Tumors.

Purpose: In estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/HER2- breast cancer, multiple measures of intratumor heterogeneity are associated with a worse response to endocrine therapy. We sought to develop a novel experimental model to measure heterogeneity in response to tamoxifen treatment in primary breast tumors.

Experimental Design: To investigate heterogeneity in response to treatment, we developed an operating room-to-laboratory pipeline for the collection of live normal breast specimens and human tumors immediately after surgical resection for processing into single-cell workflows for experimentation and genomic analyses.

Single-Cell Transcriptional and Epigenetic Profiles of Male Breast Cancer Nominate Salient Cancer-Specific Enhancers.

Male breast cancer represents about 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses and, although there are some similarities between male and female breast cancer, the paucity of data available on male breast cancer makes it difficult to establish targeted therapies. To date, most male breast cancers (MBCs) are treated according to protocols established for female breast cancer (FBC). Thus, defining the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of MBC with improved resolution is critical for developing better avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Tamoxifen Response at Single Cell Resolution in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Primary Human Breast Tumors.

In ER+/HER2- breast cancer, multiple measures of intra-tumor heterogeneity are associated with worse response to endocrine therapy. To investigate heterogeneity in response to treatment, we developed an operating room-to-laboratory pipeline for the collection of live human tumors and normal breast specimens immediately after surgical resection for processing into single-cell workflows for experimentation and genomic analyses. We demonstrate differences in tamoxifen response by cell type and identify distinctly responsive and resistant subpopulations within the malignant cell compartment of human tumors.

Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and copper on the proteome profile of hemolymph in false widow spider Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the proteome of the hemolymph of female Steatoda grossa spiders (Theridiidae) that were chronically exposed to cadmium and copper in food and were additionally immunostimulated (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA); bacterial suspensions: Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Pseudomonas fluorescens (G-). It was found that the expression of nearly 90 proteins was altered in cadmium-intoxicated spiders and more than 60 in copper-exposed individuals. Regardless of the type of metal used, these proteins were mainly overexpressed in the hemolymph of the exposed spiders.

A multi-omic dissection of super-enhancer driven oncogenic gene expression programs in ovarian cancer.

The human genome contains regulatory elements, such as enhancers, that are often rewired by cancer cells for the activation of genes that promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy. This is especially true for cancers that have little or no known driver mutations within protein coding genes, such as ovarian cancer. Herein, we utilize an integrated set of genomic and epigenomic datasets to identify clinically relevant super-enhancers that are preferentially amplified in ovarian cancer patients.

Detection of Lymphatic Vessels in Dental Pulp.

The literature lacks conclusive evidence that lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. Lymphangiogenesis is believed to occur in an inflamed pulp. If one defines lymphangiogenesis as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth.

Enhancer RNA Transcription Is Essential for a Novel CSF1 Enhancer in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Enhancers are critical regulatory elements in the genome that help orchestrate spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression during development and normal physiology. In cancer, enhancers are often rewired by various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms for the activation of oncogenes that lead to initiation and progression. A key feature of active enhancers is the production of non-coding RNA molecules called enhancer RNAs, whose functions remain unknown but can be used to specify active enhancers de novo.

Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp.

Despite many studies, opinions on the lymphatic system of the teeth are still incompatible. Studies using light and electron microscopy and directly using methods such as a radioisotope (radionuclide) scan and interstitial fluid pressure measurement reported incomplete results. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays the main role in investigating presence of the lymphatic system in dental tissues.

A multi-omic single-cell landscape of human gynecologic malignancies.

Deconvolution of regulatory mechanisms that drive transcriptional programs in cancer cells is key to understanding tumor biology. Herein, we present matched transcriptome (scRNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) profiles at single-cell resolution from human ovarian and endometrial tumors processed immediately following surgical resection. This dataset reveals the complex cellular heterogeneity of these tumors and enabled us to quantitatively link variation in chromatin accessibility to gene expression.

The effect of selected immunostimulants on hemocytes of the false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders under chronic exposition to cadmium.

The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and to what extent, long-term exposure to cadmium, administered in sublethal concentrations by the oral route, caused changes in the immune potential of hemocytes in adult female Steatoda grossa spiders. We used artificial and natural immunostimulants, namely phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and bacterial cell suspension based on Gram-positive (G+, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (G-, Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, to compare the status of hemocytes in nonstimulated individuals and those subjected to immunostimulation. After cadmium exposure, the percentage of small nongranular hemocytes in response to G+ cell suspension and PMA mitogen was decreased.

Nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas fluxes from integrated buffer zones treating agricultural drainage water.

Integrated buffer zones (IBZ) are novel mitigation measures designed to decrease the loading of nitrogen (N) transported by subsurface drainage systems from agricultural fields to streams. In IBZ, drainage water flows into a pond with free water surface followed by an inundated, vegetated filterbed. This design provides an environment favorable for denitrification and thus a decrease in nitrate concentration is expected as water flow through the IBZ.

Assessment of cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of selected gingival haemostatic agents - in vitro study.

Purpose: The present research aimed to determine whether and how the aluminium chloride - based materials affect the cell line of the bacterial line and fungi.

Methods: Cytotoxicity of haemostatic astringents: Alustat (liquid), Alustat (gel), Alustat (foam), Alustin, Hemostat, Racestyptine and Traxodent containing AlCl3 was conducted on L929 cell line with the use of MTT and SRB assays. The antimicrobial activity (CFU and MIC) against C.

Effect of long-term cadmium and copper intoxication on the efficiency of ampullate silk glands in false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders.

The aim of the study was to compare cellular effects of xenobiotic cadmium and biogenic copper in ampullate silk glands of false black widow Steatoda grossa spider after long-term exposure via ingestion under laboratory conditions. Both the level of selected detoxification parameters (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and the level of total antioxidant capacity) and degree of genotoxic changes (comet assay) were determined in the silk glands. Additionally the contents of selected amino acids (L-Ala, L-Pro, L-His, L-Phe, DL-Ile, and DL-Asn) in the hunting webs produced by spiders of this species were assessed.

Evaluation of selected biological properties of the hunting web spider (Steatoda grossa, Theridiidae) in the aspect of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium.

The study aimed at comparing the effects of short- and long-term exposure of Steatoda grossa female spiders to cadmium on the web's architecture, its energy content, and ultrastructure of ampullate glands. Simple food chain model (medium with 0.25 mM CdCl → Drosophila hydei flies → spider (for 4 weeks or 12 months) was used for the exposure.

Effects of food contaminated with cadmium and copper on hemocytes of Steatoda grossa (Araneae: Theridiidae).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider, from their hemocytes, after a short-term (four-week) exposure to cadmium and copper in sublethal doses by administering them into the body of the preys. The ultrastructure of the dominant types of hemocytes, such as granulocytes, plasmatocytes and prohemocytes, was evaluated using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Quantitative evaluation of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as the ones with depolarized mitochondria in hemolymph, was performed using flow cytometry, while ATP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio in hemocytes were measured by luminescent methods.

Dose-dependent effects of glucocorticoids on pulmonary vascular development in a murine model of hyperoxic lung injury.

Background: Exposure of neonatal mice to hyperoxia results in pulmonary vascular remodeling and aberrant phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) signaling. Although glucocorticoids are frequently utilized in the NICU, little is known about their effects on the developing pulmonary vasculature and on PDE5. We sought to determine the effects of hydrocortisone (HC) on pulmonary vascular development and on PDE5 in a neonatal mouse model of hyperoxic lung injury.

Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is one of the master regulators of xenobiotic transformation. Interactions between pharmacologic compounds and PXR frequently result in drug-to-drug interactions, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and the development of drug-resistant phenotypes in cancer cells. Potential PXR-mediated effects on drug metabolism can be predicted using high-throughput methods to detect PXR transactivation.

Association study of the 2-bp deletion polymorphism in exon 6 of the CHRFAM7A gene with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

There is evidence of linkage between the 15q13-q14 locus, containing the gene encoding the α7 subunit (CHRNA7) of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and its partially duplicated isoform (CHRFAM7A), and epilepsy. Additionally, a 2-bp deletion polymorphism (c.497-498delTG; rs67158670) in CHRFAM7A, resulting in a frame shift and truncation of the protein product, is associated with some neurological diseases.

A transcript coding for a partially duplicated form of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is absent from the CD4+ T-lymphocytes of patients with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE).

Introduction: It has been suggested that the homomer-forming α7 subunit (CHRNA7) of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is involved in the pathogenesis of common idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), whereas mutations of the gene coding for the α4 nAChR subunit (CHRNA4) are associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Several genes encoding nAChR subunits, including a partially duplicated isoform of CHRNA7 (CHRFAM7A), are expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and are constituents of peripheral receptors corresponding to nAChRs in the brain. Moreover, a 2-bp deletion polymorphism (c.