Formation of cluster mode particles (1-3 nm) in preschools.

This study is the first study that reports the cluster particle (1-3 nm) formation (CPF) in two modern preschools located in Nur-Sultan city of Kazakhstan from October 28 to November 27, 2019. The average particle number concentration and mode diameter values during major CPF events in Preschool I and Preschool II were found to be 1.90 × 10 (SD 6.

Exposure to fine, ultrafine particles and black carbon in two preschools in nur-sultan city of kazakhstan.

Children in preschools were studied as an exceptionally vulnerable group to lung diseases due to their immature immune system. Few data are available in the literature addressing the exposure of children in preschools to ultrafine (>10 nm) particles. Exposure of children to fine, ultrafine (10 nm-1 µm) particles and black carbon particles present inside and near two preschools in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, during Fall 2019 was investigated.