Pattern of Uveitis in a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital Setting in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the patterns of uveitis evident in patients presenting at the Uveitis Department of a tertiary care eye hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Location And Duration Of Study: This study was conducted at Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust (LRBT) Tertiary Teaching Eye Hospital-Korangi, Karachi, Pakistan from August 2020 to July 2023.

TENZEL ROTATIONAL FLAP IN UPPER AND LOWER LID RECONSTRUCTION IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI PAKISTAN: A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY.

Background: Reconstruction of the lids is a significant challenge for ocular plastic surgeons as it requires the greatest functional and cosmetic outcomes. This study aimed to share the experience of Tenzel rotational flap in upper and lower lid reconstruction of anterior lamella at a tertiary eye care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: 10 patients with upper and lower eyelid defects over a period of 6 months were a part of this prospective interventional clinical study.

Subconjunctival injection of anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab as treatment in patients with dry eye disease.

To assess the effect of subconjunctival injection of anti-VEGF bevacizumab in the management of dry eye disease in a tertiary care hospital. In this quasi-experimental trial 150 eyes of 75 patients were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Detailed clinical examination was performed, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test 2 were measured and compared pre and post injection.

Intramuscular Hemangioma of Lateral Rectus Muscle with Rare Presentation as an Epibulbar Mass: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Intramuscular hemangiomas of extraocular muscles are extremely rare tumors that usually present as retro-orbital masses causing proptosis. We describe a previously unreported presentation, in the form of an epibulbar mass; this easily accessible location allows direct imaging, complete surgical resection, and histopathological confirmation, providing a unique perspective.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old woman presented with a painless dark red mass in the lateral part of the right eye, which had been slowly enlarging over the last 18 months.

Assessment of salivary and gingival crevicular fluids IL6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-17 levels in healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease.

Background: Biomarkers present in the oral fluid (saliva and GCF) have been studied thoroughly in order to be used as adjuncts to the diagnosis of periodontal disease. In periodontal diseases, inflammatory mediators, including IL6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-17, may promote the degeneration of periodontal tissues.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to quantify IL6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-17 levels in the saliva and GCF for patients with generalized periodontitis and compare it with healthy subjects.

HAVOC: Small-scale histomic mapping of cancer biodiversity across large tissue distances using deep neural networks.

Intratumoral heterogeneity can wreak havoc on current precision medicine strategies because of challenges in sufficient sampling of geographically separated areas of biodiversity distributed across centimeter-scale tumor distances. To address this gap, we developed a deep learning pipeline that leverages histomorphologic fingerprints of tissue to create "Histomic Atlases of Variation Of Cancers" (HAVOC). Using a number of objective molecular readouts, we demonstrate that HAVOC can define regional cancer boundaries with distinct biology.

Interleukin-15 and Tumor Necrosis Factor- in Iraqi Patients with Alopecia Areata.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of noncicatricial hair loss of unknown cause, affecting 0.1-0.2% of the general population.

Modified Treatment Of Shallow Fornix For Better Retention Of Ocular Prosthesis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to share the experience of a modified surgical technique for treating shallow inferior fornix to enhance the retention of cosmetic ocular prosthesis in a tertiary care hospital. It was a Quasi experimental study, carried out at Khalid Eye Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2018.

Methods: This study included twenty-five patients between the ages of 20-40 years belonging to either gender having an anophthalmic socket with shallow inferior fornices unable to retain cosmetic ocular prosthesis.

Treatment Of Senile Entropion: A Comparison Of Standard And Modified Surgical Technique.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative functional outcomes of two different surgical techniques for the correction of senile lower lid entropion. It was a Quasi experimental study, carried out at BHY Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2018.

Methods: This study recruited fifty patients belonging to either gender with an age range of 60-70 years having unilateral lower lid senile entropion.

Cosmetic Outcome Of Autogenous Dermis Fat Graft As An Orbital Implant After Enucleation.

Background: The surgical method of removing the complete intact globe while leaving the extraocular muscles and orbital fat behind is called as enucleation. The intention behind this study is to share the experience of autogenous dermis fat graft as an orbital implant following enucleation and its cosmetic outcome. It was a prospective study conducted at the Orbit and Oculoplastic department of LRBT Tertiary Teaching Eye hospital from July 2018 to June 2019.

Upper Eyelid Reconstruction Surgeries; Comparison Of Outcomes Between Reverse Tenzel Flap Versus Cutler Beard Flap Procedure.

Background: Objective of this study was to compare Reverse Tenzel flap and Cutler Beard flap for upper eyelid defects.

Methods: This interventional study was carried out at occuloplasty department of LRBT (Layton Rahamatullah Benevoloent Trust), Karachi. Patients diagnosed with upper eye lid defect between 50 and 75 years were included after ethical approval from institutional ethical review committee and briefing patients about study dynamics.

Diagnosis of the origin of an epibulbar melanocytic tumor with molecular genomics.

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) and conjunctival melanoma (CM) are distinct entities with different etiologies and genetic background. We present a case of an atypical subconjunctival melanoma arising from a blue nevus.

Patients And Methods: A 61-year-old female presented with a partially melanocytic epibulbar mass with surrounding episcleral pigmented spots.

Ocular manifestations in a patient with Dandy-Walker malformation: A case report.

We present a unique case of a ten-month-old boy with a protruding left globe and vitreous haemorrhaging, and later being diagnosed as a case of a dandy-walker syndrome (DWS) with buphthalmos and vitreous haemorrhage. Treatment is depending on the symptoms reported, thus close monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are essential. We would like to recommend that even if there are no cardinal symptoms of DWS, paediatric patients with ocular signs should have Dandy walker Malformation (DWM) considered as a differential diagnosis.

Early Pilomatrix Carcinoma: A Case Report With Emphasis on Molecular Pathology and Review of the Literature.

Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare adnexal tumor with origin from the germinative matrical cells of the hair follicle. Clinically, it presents as a solitary lesion commonly found in the head and neck region and upper back. The tumors cannot be distinguished by their clinical appearance only and frequently are mistaken for cysts.

Added Advantage Of Injecting Subtarsal Steroid Injection After Incision And Curettage Of Multiple Chalazion.

Background: Being one of the most common eye lid inflammatory lesions, there is an abundance of ways its treatment can be approached; however, the dearth of consensus on its management guidelines still remains a point of interest in peer reviewed literature.

Purpose: To evaluate the additional advantage of injecting subtarsal steroid injection simultaneously with incision and curettage of multiple eye lid chalazion.

Methods: This intervention study was carried out in the Ophthalmology unit of Khalid Eye Clinic, Karachi from February to July 2019 and included fifty patients of both male and female with age ranging between 15-45 years.

Development of a Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Prognostic Score (MUMPS) for Use in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is a rare disease. There are limited data on prognostic clinical factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with mUM treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Retrospective and non-randomized prospective studies have reported response rates of 0-17% for anti-PD1/L1 ± anti-CTLA4 ICI in mUM, indicating a potential benefit only in a subset of patients.

The Experience Of Intralesional Bleomycin For Orbital Vascular Anomalies.

Background: Orbital vascular anomalies are congenital and pose a challenge. They require various treatment modalities which are often unsuccessful. The use of intralesional Bleomycin has gained popularity in recent times as a scar less procedure when other treatment modalities are not effective.

Genomic Landscape of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor‒Like Melanoma.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)-like melanoma is a rare malignancy with overlapping characteristics of both neural sarcoma and melanoma. Although the genomics of cutaneous melanoma has been extensively studied, those of MPNST-like melanoma have not. To characterize the genomic landscape of MPNST-like melanoma, we performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study at a tertiary academic cancer center.

Biologic subtypes of melanoma predict survival benefit of combination anti-PD1+anti-CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitors versus anti-PD1 monotherapy.

Purpose: Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)±anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma. We assessed whether biologic subtype according to primary tumor type or genomic subtype can function as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD1±anti-CTLA4 ICI in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of patients who received anti-PD1±anti-CTLA4 ICI for advanced melanoma between 2012 and 2019.

Cauda equina syndrome as the initial presentation of uveal melanoma metastasis.

Purpose: Uveal melanoma extension to the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly rare, and can occur through optic nerve invasion. We report a rare clinical case that presented with cauda equina syndrome as the initial manifestation of metastasis of choroidal melanoma, and showed neurotropic extension by histopathology. Our patient did not demonstrate any evidence of systemic metastasis otherwise.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Local and Exotic Breeds of Chickens in Pankrono-Kumasi, Ghana.

The world's poultry population is on the ascendency as a result of the high demand for poultry product by consumers. In Africa, poultry meat is estimated to represent almost 25% of all meat, whereas in some areas it covers 100% of the animal protein available. The high demand for poultry products has led to an increase in poultry production in almost all African countries including Ghana, with the domestic chicken being the most kept.

Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule: a report of a series including a case with moderate cytologic atypia and immunosuppression.

Background: Cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nodule (CEAN) is a very rare and relatively recently recognized vascular proliferation characterized usually by minimal cytological atypia and accompanying mitotic activity. As such, CEAN represents an important diagnostic pitfall, which could lead to significant misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

Methods: The clinicopathologic findings of 5 cases of CEAN were reviewed including a unique case with typical findings but also moderate cytologic atypia and brisk mitotic activity in a patient on immunosuppression.