A comprehensive review of obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder characterized by collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Downstream effects involve the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurocognitive systems. OSA is more prevalent in men than women.

The relationship between obesity, hemoglobin A1c and the severity of COVID-19 at an urban tertiary care center in New York City: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine if obesity and diabetes are risk factors for severe outcomes in COVID-19 and to compare patient outcomes in those two conditions.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Urban tertiary care center in New York City.

National Trends in Incidence and Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure Requiring Respiratory Support.

Despite increasing medical complexity in patients with heart failure (HF), there are limited data on incidence and outcomes for patients with HF needing respiratory support. This study sought to examine contemporary trends of respiratory support strategies among patients with HF. Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified adults aged greater than 18 years hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of HF.

Opportunistic Disease or Metastatic Lesions: A Rare Finding in a Patient with Bladder Cancer.

A 66-year-old male with a history of human immunodeficiency virus infection and metastatic bladder cancer presented to our hospital for a further workup of a focal seizure involving the patients left upper extremity. The patient was undergoing active chemotherapy at the time of admission and had a CD4 count of 111. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the right frontal lobe associated with vasogenic edema, and mass effect at the right frontal horn of the lateral ventricles.

Gerbode defect formation two decades after tetrology of fallot repair.

Although most intracardiac defects are congenital, a small fraction may be acquired during life. The Gerbode defect is an abnormal anatomical connection between the left ventricle and the right atrium. We describe herein a patient who initially underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Sternal osteomyelitis by in an immunocompetent patient after open heart surgery.

Gordonia is a catalase-positive, aerobic, nocardioform, Gram-positive staining actinomycete that also shows weak acid-fast staining. Several Gordonia species are commonly found in the soil. The bacterium has been isolated from the saliva of domesticated/wild dogs as well.

Electrocardiographic Associations Seen with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder associated with repeated nocturnal partial or complete collapse that is often underdiagnosed and associated with multiple comorbidities. The association between specific features on an electrocardiogram and OSA has not been well studied. This retrospective study attempts to bridge this gap in knowledge.

Isolated Pulmonic Valve Endocarditis.

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) has a high mortality rate, even when treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention. Right-sided endocarditis is in itself rare, with some studies reporting an incidence of 5-10%. The majority of these cases involve the tricuspid valve, and isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis (PVE) is an extremely rare entity affecting less than 2% of patients with infective endocarditis.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Pleura Invading into the Left Atrium via Pulmonary Vein.

A 67-year-old woman came to the hospital because of difficulty in breathing. After an initial clinical assessment, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a well-circumscribed heterogeneous mass arising from the pleura adjacent to the superior and medial left pulmonary artery. The mass was invading the pulmonary vein and entering the left atrium.

Emerging Therapies in the Management of Advanced-Stage Gastric Cancer.

Globally, gastric malignancy contributes to significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite a recent approval of two targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, the treatment options for advanced-stage gastric cancer are limited. Consequently, the overall clinical outcomes for patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer remain poor.

Unusual Sign from an Unusual Cause: Wellens' Syndrome due to Myocardial Bridging.

It is vital to recognize correctly, chest pain of cardiac etiology. Most commonly, it is because of blood supply-demand inequity in the myocardium. However, the phenomenon of myocardial bridging as a cause of cardiac chest pain has come to attention reasonably recently.

Jet lag: Heuristics and therapeutics.

Jet lag is one of those common medical problems, to which most people don't give a serious thought. However, it is intricately intertwined with our normal circadian rhythm. It is classified as a sleep disorder.

Necrotizing Crescentic Glomerulonephritis Complicating Bivalvular Bacterial Endocarditis.

In the setting of an increasing incidence of endocarditis in the United States, we report a patient with necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) associated with native valve bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus parasanguinis. He was started on appropriate antibiotic treatment and subsequent blood cultures showed no growth. However, due to continuing decline in kidney function, immunosuppressive therapy was started.

A Comparative Study of Primary Adenoid Cystic and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Lung.

Background: Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) and pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) are the two major types of primary salivary gland-type (PSGT) lung cancers. The demographic profile, clinicopathological features, and predictors of survival as an overall group have not been described for PSGT cancers of lung.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed demographic, clinical, and survival data from 1,032 patients (546 PMEC and 486 PACC) who were diagnosed of PSGT lung cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 1973 to 2014.

Strongyloides Hyperinfection and Miliary Tuberculosis Presenting with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion in a Malnourished Patient.

Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) is an intestinal nematode endemic to tropical regions. An accelerated infection, known as a hyperinfection, occurs in immunocompromised patients, most commonly those treated chronically with glucocorticoids or those who have human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection.

Electrocardiogram Changes with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: A Systematic Review.

Background: Acute alcohol intoxication has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias but the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes associated with acute alcohol intoxication are not well defined in the literature.

Objective: Highlight the best evidence regarding the ECG changes associated with acute alcohol intoxication in otherwise healthy patients and the pathophysiology of the changes.

Methods: A literature search was carried out; 4 studies relating to ECG changes with acute alcohol intoxication were included in this review.