[Trust in socialization institutions as a necessary social condition for effective integration of disabled children into society].

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of trust in the institutions of socialization of children with disabilities. The role of such institutions of socialization of disabled children as family, education, healthcare, public organizations, and the media is analyzed. The analysis was based on the results of a sociological study conducted in May-June 2023 among family members raising disabled children (Moscow, St.

[The attitude of foreign students to healthy life-style and confidence to modern medicine as exemplified by students of Kursk].

The article investigates attitude of foreign students to health and a healthy lifestyle. The main practices of maintenance of health and healthy lifestyle are analyzed. The opinions of foreign students related to their health and their modes of dealing with stress in new social cultural conditions are considered.

Membrane depolarization mediates both the inhibition of neural activity and cell-type-differences in response to high-frequency stimulation.

Neuromodulation using high frequency (>1 kHz) electric stimulation (HFS) enables preferential activation or inhibition of individual neural types, offering the possibility of more effective treatments across a broad spectrum of neurological diseases. To improve effectiveness, it is important to better understand the mechanisms governing activation and inhibition with HFS so that selectivity can be optimized. In this study, we measure the membrane potential (V) and spiking responses of ON and OFF α-sustained retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to a wide range of stimulus frequencies (100-2500 Hz) and amplitudes (10-100 µA).

Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review.

Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision.

Central stress pathways in the development of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: Mental stress is of essential consideration when assessing cardiovascular pathophysiology in all patient populations. Substantial evidence indicates associations among stress, cardiovascular disease and aberrant brain-body communication. However, our understanding of the flow of stress information in humans, is limited, despite the crucial insights this area may offer into future therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.

Effect of Stimulation Current in Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS): A Study Using Concurrent Magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation that has been investigated for its use in the clinical treatment of a number of different conditions. There has been little investigation into the stimulation current that is delivered and the effect on individual variability in response to tVNS.Seventeen participants underwent tVNS, and stimulation current was determined based on individual pain threshold.

Self-Attention Based Vision Processing for Prosthetic Vision.

We investigate Self-Attention (SA) networks for directly learning visual representations for prosthetic vision. Specifically, we explore how the SA mechanism can be leveraged to produce task-specific scene representations for prosthetic vision, overcoming the need for explicit hand-selection of learnt features and post-processing. Further, we demonstrate how the mapping of importance to image regions can serve as an explainability tool to analyse the learnt vision processing behaviour, providing enhanced validation and interpretation capability than current learning-based methods for prosthetic vision.

Video See-Through Pipelines for Virtual Reality Headsets and their Impact on Gait.

This study investigated the impact of different video see-through pipelines in virtual reality on gait. A mobility task was conducted with healthy participants to evaluate the gait adaptions using different video see-through pipelines. The gait parameters observed for this study were stride length, maximum toe clearance and walking speed.

[Health of foreign students - representatives of diasporas as a social problem].

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches to the problem of the health of foreign students who are educational migrants and need medical care, taking into account their current social status and status in the territory of the Russian Federation. The undermining of health, significant psycho-emotional tension and, in general, worries about maintaining health can affect the learning process, therefore it is necessary to determine in whose area of responsibility the health of educational migrants is: whether they themselves are obliged to monitor their condition and organize medical care, whether the university should participate in the organization of medical commissions and examinations, or diasporas, whose members are often foreign students, may have these powers.

Understanding visual processing of motion: completing the picture using experimentally driven computational models of MT.

Computational modeling helps neuroscientists to integrate and explain experimental data obtained through neurophysiological and anatomical studies, thus providing a mechanism by which we can better understand and predict the principles of neural computation. Computational modeling of the neuronal pathways of the visual cortex has been successful in developing theories of biological motion processing. This review describes a range of computational models that have been inspired by neurophysiological experiments.

Functional Connectivity Analysis of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) Using Magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Altered brain functional connectivity has been observed in conditions such as schizophrenia, dementia and depression and may represent a target for treatment. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that is increasingly used in the treatment of a variety of health conditions. We previously combined tVNS with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and observed that various stimulation frequencies affected different brain areas in healthy individuals.

Classification of Epileptic and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures Using Electroencephalography and Electrocardiography.

Patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) may exhibit similar clinical features to patients with epileptic seizures (ES). Misdiagnosis of PNES and ES can lead to inappropriate treatment and significant morbidity. This study investigates the use of machine learning techniques for classification of PNES and ES based on electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) data.

Forecasting seizure likelihood from cycles of self-reported events and heart rate: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Seizure risk forecasting could reduce injuries and even deaths in people with epilepsy. There is great interest in using non-invasive wearable devices to generate forecasts of seizure risk. Forecasts based on cycles of epileptic activity, seizure times or heart rate have provided promising forecasting results.

[The population health and attitude to it in conditions of instability].

The article considers issues of attitude of modern man to one's own health, both physical and mental in conditions of instability. The results of sociological studies implemented in 2021-2022 among the population of the Kursk Oblast are presented. The results reflect personal characteristics and attitudes to health, in particular in conditions of complex epidemiological situation and changes in population behavior in area of health saving in conditions of complicated geopolitical situation.

Activity of Retinal Neurons Can Be Modulated by Tunable Near-Infrared Nanoparticle Sensors.

The vision of patients rendered blind by photoreceptor degeneration can be partially restored by exogenous stimulation of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Whereas conventional electrical stimulation techniques have failed to produce naturalistic visual percepts, nanoparticle-based optical sensors have recently received increasing attention as a means to artificially stimulate the RGCs. In particular, nanoparticle-enhanced infrared neural modulation (NINM) is a plasmonically mediated photothermal neuromodulation technique that has a demonstrated capacity for both stimulation and inhibition, which is essential for the differential modulation of ON-type and OFF-type RGCs.

[Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of stroke and its correction].

We reviewed the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). OS plays a major role in programmed cell death, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, astroglial and microglial activation, and local inflammatory response. We also reviewed the current state of neuro- and cytoprotection studies and their translation in clinical practice.

[Results of clinical studies of the efficacy and safety of the use of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a common syndrome that, in the absence of adequate therapy, is characterized by a progressive course, an increase in cognitive, emotional, motor and other disorders, eventually leading to persistent disability of the patient. In the treatment of patients with CCI, the use of drugs with a multimodal neuroprotective effect is indicated. The results of the analysis of a series of clinical trials of the drugs Mexidol and Mexidol FORTE in patients with CCI are presented.

Forecasting psychogenic non-epileptic seizure likelihood from ambulatory EEG and ECG.

Critical slowing features (variance and autocorrelation) of long-term continuous electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) data have previously been used to forecast epileptic seizure onset. This study tested the feasibility of forecasting non-epileptic seizures using the same methods. In doing so, we examined if long-term cycles of brain and cardiac activity are present in clinical physiological recordings of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES).

Quantifying visual acuity for pre-clinical testing of visual prostheses.

Visual prostheses currently restore only limited vision. More research and pre-clinical work are required to improve the devices and stimulation strategies that are used to induce neural activity that results in visual perception. Evaluation of candidate strategies and devices requires an objective way to convert measured and modelled patterns of neural activity into a quantitative measure of visual acuity.

The healthy life-style in the system of value orientations of student youth.

The article is devoted to the issue of studying attitude of students to their own health, to healthy lifestyle, to regional health care system. The results of sociological survey carried out in February-April 2021 are presented. The factors and conditions contributing to preservation and strengthening of youth health were identified.

Preferential modulation of individual retinal ganglion cells by electrical stimulation.

Retinal prostheses have had limited success in vision restoration through electrical stimulation of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the degenerated retina. This is partly due to non-preferential stimulation of all RGCs near a single stimulating electrode, which include cells that conflict in their response properties and their contribution to visiual processing. Our study proposes a stimulation strategy to preferentially stimulate individual RGCs based on their temporal electrical receptive fields (tERFs).

Measuring brain response to transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) using simultaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that delivers a sequence of electrical pulses to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve and is used increasingly in the treatment of a number of health conditions such as epilepsy and depression. Recent research has focused on the efficacy of tVNS to treat different medical conditions, but there is little conclusive evidence concerning the optimal stimulation parameters. There are relatively few studies that have combined tVNS with a neuroimaging modality, and none that have attempted simultaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) and tVNS due to the presence of large stimulation artifacts produced by the electrical stimulation which are many orders of magnitude larger than underlying brain activity.

[The characteristics of healthy life-style of rural senior high-school students: social technological approach].

The article considers one of the most actual issues of social policy of the Russian state - the rising generation health. The maintenance of health of rural senior high-school students is considered in chronotopic dimension of key factors and main parameters of healthy life-style during the most dynamic period of their growing up. The rural lifestyle has its own specifics, that are reflected in organization and implementation of healthy life-style at individual and institutional levels and acquires characteristic features at its implementation in gender context.

Seizure Forecasting Using Long-Term Electroencephalography and Electrocardiogram Data.

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to forecast seizures with varying success. There is an increasing interest to use electrocardiogram (ECG) to help with seizure forecasting. The neural and cardiovascular systems may exhibit critical slowing, which is measured by an increase in variance and autocorrelation of the system, when change from a normal state to an ictal state.