Polyphenol and Alkaloid Changes in Glyphosate-Treated Tobacco Regenerants Selected for Herbicide Tolerance.

In vitro a one-step selection for glyphosate tolerance of two Bulgarian tobacco cultivars Zlatna Arda and Nevrokop A24 was carried out. After treatment with glyphosate of the control plants and their regenerants polyphenol and alkaloid changes were determined. A decrease in the polyphenol concentrations and an increase in the alkaloid concentrations were registered only for Zlatna Arda.

Chemical composition of the halophyte plant Stachys maritima Gouan from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

Four groups of metabolites from the halophyte plant Stachys maritima Gouan, family Lamiaceae, were investigated: lipids, sterols, volatiles and polar compounds. Most of the metabolites have been previously reported to possess biological activity. Two of the main substances in the volatile fraction--phenidone and naphthalene, unusual for plants--were products of environmental contamination.

Effect of cobalt ions on the metabolism of some volatile and polar compounds in the marine invertebrates Mytilus galloprovincialis and Actinia equina.

The compositions of the volatile and polar fractions from two coexisting Black Sea invertebrates, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the beadlet anemone Actinia equina, were established. The main metabolites in the volatile fraction from the investigated animals appeared to be methyl esters of fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. In the polar fraction from both animals low concentrations of free acids and nitrogen-containing compounds were obtained.

Sterol and lipid composition of three Adriatic Sea sponges.

The sterol and fatty acid composition of three Adriatic Sea sponges (Geodia cydonium and two unidentified Tedania sp.), collected at the same time and same place, was established. Twenty-four sterols and forty fatty acids were identified.

Effect of cobalt ions on lipid and sterol metabolism in the marine invertebrates Mytilus galloprovincialis and Actinia equina.

The lipid and sterol fractions of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the anemone Actinia equina were analyzed before and after incubation with cobalt ions. There were significant changes in the lipid and sterol composition, strongly depending on the cobalt ions concentrations. The changes in the lipid composition of both invertebrates were different for neutral lipids and phospholipids.

Comparative investigation on sterols from some Black Sea red algae.

The sterol composition of five Black Sea red algae: Callithamnion granulatum, Ceramium rubrum, Ceramium elegans, Laurencia papillosa and Laurencia coronopus was obtained. Monohydroxy sterols and their oxidized derivatives have been identified. The results obtained were compared with some recent data for the composition of sterols in other Black Sea red algae, which occupy different evolutionary positions.

Chemical composition of the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea from the Canary Islands.

The fatty acid composition of the lipids from the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea was investigated and 73 acids were identified. Three of them were new and their structures, elucidated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were identified as 13-methyl-icosanoic, 15-methyl-docosanoic and 3,13-dimethyl-tetradecanoic. Only 12 sterols were present, with cholestanol predominating in the volatile fraction; 22 compounds were identified, mainly hydrocarbons and fatty acids.

Lipophylic compounds from Euphorbia peplis L.--a halophytic plant from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

The chemical composition of the lipophylic fraction from the halophytic plant Euphorbia peplis L. was investigated. Compared to other terrestrial higher plants an increase of triacylglycerols and especially of glycolipids was observed.

Chemical composition of Corallina mediterranea Areschoug and Corallina granifera Ell. et Soland.

The composition of sterols, volatiles and some polar compounds from three Corallina samples (C. granifera and C. mediterranea from the Black Sea and C.

Development in primary cell culture of demosponges.

We have established primary cell culture of the marine demosponge Dysidea avara and Suberites domuncula. Microbial contamination was controlled by the use of a pool of antibiotics confirming the goodness of this procedure. Effect of pH, temperature and light was studied to establish the better growth conditions.

Chemical composition of Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean.

The chemical composition of the brown alga Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean was investigated. Fourteen sterols have been identified, five of them for the first time in algae. The structure of one new sterol was established.

Composition of lipophylic extracts from two Tinicates, Styela sp. and Phallusia sp. from the Eastern Mediterranean.

Sterols, volatiles and lipids were isolated and identified from lipophylic extracts from two tunicates, Styela sp. and Phallusia sp., occurring in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Effect of diesel fuel pollution on the lipid composition of some wide-spread Black Sea algae and invertebrates.

Two green algae (Ulva rigida and Cladophora coelothrix), the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the snail Rapana thomasiana from the Bulgarian Black Sea shore have been treated with diesel fuel (100mg l(-1)) in an aquarium with sea-water for three days. The lipids and their fatty acid changes have been examined. Significant changes have been observed mainly in the polar lipids and in the saturation of the fatty acids.

Lipids and sterols in Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae): changes after treatment with sucrose and lead.

Total lipid, fatty acid and sterol composition of larvae and adults of Musca domestica was investigated before and after feeding on sucrose syrup or on the same syrup containing 1% lead nitrate. The effects of sucrose and of lead ions were found to be different. In larvae sucrose diet inhibited the fatty acid elongation and stimulated the first stages of their unsaturation.