Surgical treatment of chronic achilles tendon rupture: An anatomical consideration of various autograft options.

Background: Acute Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury and when missed leads to the development of a chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Studies suggest surgical treatment (either repair or reconstruction) for most patients with a chronic Achilles rupture due to the functional deficit caused by the lack of an intact Achilles tendon. Numerous autograft options such as the flexor hallucis longus, hamstrings, peroneal and quadriceps tendon have been used to reconstruct the Achilles tendon, either as a tendon transfer or as an interposition graft.

Reporting quality of abstracts and inconsistencies with full text articles in pediatric orthopedic publications.

Background: Abstracts should provide a brief yet comprehensive reporting of all components of a manuscript. Inaccurate reporting may mislead readers and impact citation practices. It was our goal to investigate the reporting quality of abstracts of interventional observational studies in three major pediatric orthopedic journals and to analyze any reporting inconsistencies between those abstracts and their corresponding full-text articles.

Association of genetic and epigenetic changes of insulin like growth factor binding protein-1 in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes is one of the global health threat. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with life-threatening complications. This work, aimed to study the association between T2DM and IGFBP-1 gene methylation, gene polymorphism and serum levels of IGFBP-1.

Stimuli-responsive, dual-function prodrug encapsulated in hyaluronic acid micelles to overcome doxorubicin resistance.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main challenge faced by cancer chemotherapy. Drug-conjugate offers a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. In this regard, we developed a DNVM multifunctional drug delivery system by crosslinking doxorubicin (DOX) and vitamin E succinate (VES) with a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond and then encapsulated the DOX-NN-VES prodrug into pH-sensitive hyaluronic acid-2-(octadecyloxy)-1,3-dioxan-5-amine (HOD) micelles.

Dual-Functional Peptide Driven Liposome Codelivery System for Efficient Treatment of Doxorubicin-Resistant Breast Cancer.

Background: The active-targeted drug delivery systems had attracted more and more attention to efficiently overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatments. The aim of the work was to develop a multifunctional nano-structured liposomal system for co-delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and celecoxib (CEL) to overcome doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.

Methods: A functional hybrid peptide (MTS-RH) with unique cellular penetrability, endo-lysosomal escape and mitochondrial targeting ability was successfully synthesized using solid phase synthesis technology.

Correction: Plasma microRNAs biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Plasma microRNAs biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To assess the potential value of some miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify other risk factors for MCI among them.

Methods: This study enrolled 163 adults with T2DM using face to face interview. Cognitive function with its domains was assessed using Adenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE III).

Redox-responsive biocompatible nanocarriers based on novel heparosan polysaccharides for intracellular anticancer drug delivery.

Heparosan is a natural precursor of heparin biosynthesis in mammals. It is stable in blood circulation but can be degraded in lysosomes, showing good biocompatibility and long circulation features. So heparosan can be designed as anticancer drug carriers to increase tumor selectivity and improve the therapeutic effect.

Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia.

Aim: To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees.

Subjects And Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years.

Liposome-based codelivery of celecoxib and doxorubicin hydrochloride as a synergistic dual-drug delivery system for enhancing the anticancer effect.

Combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs strongly demonstrates a good approach to reduce cytotoxicity, resistance, and the dose of the potent anticancer drugs. The purpose of this research was to design and characterize liposome incorporating celecoxib (CEL) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of this combination on different tumor cells. A simple comparison study had been performed for liposomes formulation using thin-film hydration method and pH-gradient method.

Derma roller® microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of doxorubicin and celecoxib co-loaded liposomes for enhancing the anticancer effect.

The topical delivery of chemotherapeutics is a promising approach for the management of skin disorders. However, diverse pharmaceutical strategies are essential to allow penetration of large quantities of drugs to tumor tissue. Herein, an attempt was made to investigate the use of Derma roller® microneedles in combination with doxorubicin HCl (DOX) and celecoxib (CEL) co-loaded liposomes as a potential therapeutic approach for the management of melanoma.

Elucidation of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of heparosan polysaccharide-based micelles in various cancer cells.

Heparosan polysaccharide, known as a heparin precursor, can be used in drug delivery systems due to its good biocompatibility and anti-cancer effect. But few studies on the cellular uptake mechanism of heparosan polysaccharide-based nanocarrier have been investigated. Therefore, the intracellular trafficking and the uptake mechanism of heparosan-based micelles by different tumor cells were investigated in this study.

Fabrication and characterization of collagen-heparin-polypyrrole composite conductive film for neural scaffold.

In this work, a conductive film consisted of polypyrrole-heparin-collagen (PHC film) was fabricated as a potential neural scaffold. Heparin was initially modified with pyrrole, which was further polymerized with pyrrole monomer under the catalysis of ferric trichloride. Then collagen was added and crosslinked through amide bond, as well as physical interaction with pyrrole through hydrogen bond.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ polymorphism (rs1801282) is associated with obesity in Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene is one of the possible genes linking diabetes mellitus (DM) with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study is to clarify whether PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with the development of CAD in type 2 diabetic patients and to evaluate PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism genetic distribution in type 2 DM (T2DM) Egyptian subjects.

Methods: PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by Real-Time PCR in serum of 405 subjects classified into 4 groups; T2DM patients (n = 105), T2DM with CAD (n = 100), CAD patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 100).

Liposome: composition, characterisation, preparation, and recent innovation in clinical applications.

In the last decades, pharmaceutical interested researches aimed to develop novel and innovative drug delivery techniques in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Recently, phospholipid vesicles (Liposomes) are the most known versatile assemblies in the drug delivery systems. The discovery of liposomes arises from self-forming enclosed phospholipid bilayer upon coming in contact with the aqueous solution.