Acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria and encoding genes among French pilgrims during the 2017 and 2018 Hajj.

The objective of this study is to determine the acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and antibiotic resistance-encoding genes by French Hajj pilgrims and associated risk factors. Pilgrims traveling during the 2017 and 2018 Hajj were recruited. All pilgrims underwent two successive systematic nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs, pre- and post-Hajj.

Dynamics and genetic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae carriage among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj: A prospective cohort survey.

Background: To investigate the genetic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae positive samples among French pilgrims attending the 2018 Hajj pilgrimage.

Method: After screening by qPCR, multilocus sequence typing was performed for all H. influenzae-positive samples.

Gastrointestinal symptoms and the acquisition of enteric pathogens in Hajj pilgrims: a 3-year prospective cohort study.

The acquisition of enteric pathogens and risk factors for Hajj-associated diarrhea in Hajj pilgrims is poorly documented. Pilgrims from Marseille participating in the Hajj in 2016-2018 underwent successive systematic rectal swabbing before and after their travel. Carriage of the main enteric pathogens was assessed by real-time PCR.

The dynamics and interactions of respiratory pathogen carriage among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj.

We conducted this study to describe the dynamics of the acquisition of respiratory pathogens, their potential interactions and risk factors for possible lower respiratory tract infection symptoms (LRTI) among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj. Each participant underwent four successive systematic nasopharyngeal swabs before and during their stay in Saudi Arabia. Carriage of the main respiratory pathogens was assessed by PCR.