A novel ER stress regulator ARL6IP5 induces reticulophagy to ameliorate the prion burden.

Prion disease is a fatal and infectious neurodegenerative disorder caused by the trans-conformation conversion of PRNP/PrP to PRNP/PrP. Accumulated PRNP/PrP-induced ER stress causes chronic unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which is one of the fundamental steps in prion disease progression. However, the role of various ER-resident proteins in prion-induced ER stress is elusive.

Role of diosgenin extracted from L in suppression of HIV-1 replication: An preclinical study.

Background: Diosgenin, an essential sapogenin steroid with significant biological implications, is composed of a hydrophilic sugar moiety intricately linked to a hydrophobic steroid aglycone. While the antiviral properties of diosgenin against numerous RNA viruses have been extensively documented, its potential in combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections remains unexplored.

Experimental Procedure: This current investigation presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of extracts derived from the leaves of , which are notably enriched with diosgenin.

A structure and knowledge-based combinatorial approach to engineering universal scFv antibodies against influenza M2 protein.

Background: The influenza virus enters the host via hemagglutinin protein binding to cell surface sialic acid. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is followed by viral nucleocapsid uncoating for replication aided by the transmembrane viral M2 proton ion channel. M2 ectodomain (M2e) is a potential universal candidate for monoclonal antibody therapy owing to its conserved nature across influenza virus subtypes and its importance in viral propagation.

ARL6IP5 Ameliorates α-Synuclein Burden by Inducing Autophagy via Preventing Ubiquitination and Degradation of ATG12.

Recent advanced studies in neurodegenerative diseases have revealed several links connecting autophagy and neurodegeneration. Autophagy is the major cellular degradation process for the removal of toxic protein aggregates responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. More than 30 autophagy-related proteins have been identified as directly participating in the autophagy process.

Design, Synthesis of 3-(5-Substituted Phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-indole and Its Microbial Activity.

Fischer indole synthesis of indole by using phenyl-hydrazine and acetaldehyde resulted 1H-Indole while phenyl-hydrazine reacted with malonaldehyde gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. Also Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of 1H-Indole gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde were oxidized to form 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid.

Using an Administrative and Clinical Database to Determine the Early Spread of COVID-19 at the US Department of Veterans Affairs during the Beginning of the 2019-2020 Flu Season: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: Previous studies examining the early spread of COVID-19 have used influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) to determine the early spread of COVID-19. We used COVID-19 case definition to identify COVID-like symptoms (CLS) independently of other influenza-like illnesses (ILIs).

Methods: Using data from Emergency Department (ED) visits at VA Medical Centers in CA, TX, and FL, we compared weekly rates of CLS, ILIs, and non-influenza ILIs encounters during five consecutive flu seasons (2015-2020) and estimated the risk of developing each illness during the first 23 weeks of the 2019-2020 season compared to previous seasons.

Rbfox1 is required for myofibril development and maintaining fiber type-specific isoform expression in muscles.

Protein isoform transitions confer muscle fibers with distinct properties and are regulated by differential transcription and alternative splicing. RNA-binding Fox protein 1 (Rbfox1) can affect both transcript levels and splicing, and is known to contribute to normal muscle development and physiology in vertebrates, although the detailed mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we report that Rbfox1 contributes to the generation of adult muscle diversity in Rbfox1 is differentially expressed among muscle fiber types, and RNAi knockdown causes a hypercontraction phenotype that leads to behavioral and eclosion defects.

Further SAR studies on natural template based neuroprotective molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

In our earlier paper, we described ferulic acid (FA) template based novel series of multifunctional cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors for the management of AD. This report has further extended the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of this series of molecules in a calibrated manner to improve upon the ChEs inhibition and antioxidant property to identify the novel potent multifunctional molecules. To investigate the effect of replacement of phenylpiperazine ring with benzylpiperazine, increase in the linker length between FA and substituted phenyl ring, and replacement of indole moiety with tryptamine on this molecular template, three series of novel molecules were developed.

Development of Sorghum Genotypes for Improved Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold Using Population Breeding Approach.

The infection caused by grain mold in rainy season grown sorghum deteriorates the physical and chemical quality of the grain, which causes a reduction in grain size, blackening, and making them unfit for human consumption. Therefore, the breeding for grain mold resistance has become a necessity. Pedigree breeding has been widely used across the globe to tackle the problem of grain mold.

Afatinib versus methotrexate as second-line treatment in Asian patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck progressing on or after platinum-based therapy (LUX-Head & Neck 3): an open-label, randomised phase III trial.

Background: Treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) following progression after first-line platinum-based therapy, particularly in Asian countries.

Patients And Methods: In this randomised, open-label, phase III trial, we enrolled Asian patients aged ≥18 years, with histologically or cytologically confirmed recurrent/metastatic HNSCC following first-line platinum-based therapy who were not amenable for salvage surgery or radiotherapy, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0/1. Patients were randomised (2 : 1) to receive oral afatinib (40 mg/day) or intravenous methotrexate (40 mg/m2/week), stratified by ECOG performance status and prior EGFR-targeted antibody therapy.

Retinoblastoma: A retrospective analysis of 141 patients from 1983 to 2013 at a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, India.

Purpose: There is scarcity of data regarding clinical presentation and outcome of retinoblastoma patients in India.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile of retinoblastoma patients in a tertiary care hospital in India from 1983 to 2013.

Subjects And Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical records of 141 patients with retinoblastoma registered from 1983 to 2013 at Government Medical College, Nagpur, India, was conducted.

A study to evaluate resource draining "no shows".

Introduction: Waiting lists are problems that plague all government radiation therapy centers across the country, leading to disease progression, and reduced treatment efficacy. No shows for appointments create artificial access issues, reduce revenues, waste staff time, and negatively affect patient care.

Methodology: A Retrospective analysis of 180 patients, who were given an appointment and were to be started for radiation therapy at the Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, at our institute from May 1, 2013 to July 31, 2013, was done.

Gemcitabine and Cisplatin induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case report with review of literature.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a recently described, scarcely documented clinical entity. PRES is caused by various factors, the most common being hypertension, followed by nonhypertensive causes such as renal diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. Recently, some cases have been reported about the association of increased use of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents in cancer patients, and relevant reports have increased with advances in radiological examinations.

Efficacy of Steroid and Physiotherapy in Early Reported Lagophthalmos of Patient Affected with Leprosy. A Report from Trbal Dominated Leprosy Endemic State of India.

Lagophthalmos is one of the well-known complications of leprosy due to involvement of the facial nerve. In the present study an attempt has been made to elucidate the role of early intervention with steroids and adjunct physiotherapy in early reported lagophthalmos in patients affected with leprosy at a tertiary referral institute under the Disability Prevention and Medical rehabilitation (DPMR) programme. During April 2008 to March 2014, 62 patients affected with leprosy reported to Regional leprosy Training and Research Institute with lagophthalmos.

Childhood Leprosy in an Endemic Area of Central India.

Objective: To study clinical-epidemiological aspects of children affected with leprosy in a high-endemicity area.

Methods: Hospital-based study (April 2010 to March 2015) of newly diagnosed children (=18 years) with leprosy, from a leprosy research institute in Chhattisgarh, India.

Results: 551 new childhood cases were diagnosed constituting 16% of the total newly leprosy cases examined; 221 (40.

Conventional vs concomitant boost radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin in advanced head and neck cancer.

Aim Of Study: To compare outcome of concomitant boost therapy (CBT) with conventional radiotherapy with cisplatin as a radiosensitizer in advanced head and neck cancer.

Subjects And Methods: Prospective comparative study was undertaken. Patients were assigned alternately to ArmA (conventional arm) and ArmB (CBT arm), 30 in each arm and total 60 patients were enrolled.

Child fluorosis in Chhattisgarh, India: a community-based survey.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and type of fluorosis among children from randomly selected villages of Chhattisgarh, and its relationship with fluoride levels in drinking water.

Methods: A community based door-to-door survey was conducted in the sampled villages of seven districts of Chhattisgarh state during the year 2013-14. The field case definitions were used for labelling types of fluorosis.

Predictive zoning of rice stem borer damage in southern India through spatial interpolation of weather-based models.

Rice stem borer is an important insect pest causing severe damage to rice crop in India. The relationship between weather parameters such as maximum (T(max)) and minimum temperature (T(min)), morning (RH1) and afternoon relative humidity (RH2) and the severity of stem borer damage (SB) were studied. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for formulating pest-weather models at three sites in southern India namely, Warangal, Coimbatore and Pattambi as SB = -66.

Levels of Tektin 2 and CatSper 2 in normozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic men and its association with motility, fertilization rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate.

Purpose: To compare the expression profiles of Tektin 2 and CatSper 2 motility proteins in the spermatozoa of normozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic men and determine its correlation with sperm motility, fertilization rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate.

Methods: Tektin 2 and CatSper 2 protein expression was studied using Western Blotting and immunofluorescence. Tektin 2 and CatSper 2 protein levels were quantified by ELISA.

Assessment of groundwater pollution in West Delhi, India using geostatistical approach.

The exploration, exploitation, and unscientific management of groundwater resources in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India have posed a serious threat of reduction in quantity and deterioration of quality. The objective of the study is to determine the groundwater quality and to assess the risk of groundwater pollution at Najafgarh, NCT of Delhi. The groundwater quality parameters were analyzed from the existing wells of the Najafgarh and the thematic maps were generated using geostatistical concepts.

Effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of leprosy: a population-based case-control study in Raipur, India.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in the prevention of leprosy.

Methods: study design: Population-based pair-matched case-control study. The study was carried out in the field operation area of Regional Leprosy Training and Research Centre, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India.

Biophysical and socioeconomic characterization of a water-stressed area and simulating agri-production estimates and land use planning under normal and extreme climatic events: a case study.

This study aims in linking the biophysical and socioeconomic data base layers with the technical coefficients or simulation models for agri-production estimates and land use planning under normal and extreme climatic events, and exploring the resource and inputs management options in village Shikohpur, Gurgaon district located in the northwest part of India. The socioeconomic profile of Shikohpur is highly skewed with mostly small and marginal farmers. Though the areas under wheat in Shikohpur are increasing, the productivity is declining or remaining stagnant over the years.

External fixation in unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur.

Forty elderly patients aged 50-94 years old with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated by external fixation at The Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India from June 1993 to January 1995. Fracture union was achieved by an average time of 14 weeks in all the patients. Postoperative varus was increased in nine and deep pin-track infection was found in three cases.