Proliferation of myofibroblasts in the stroma of epithelial hyperplastic lesions and squamous carcinoma of the larynx.

Objectives: The immunohistochemical phenotype, distribution and significance of proliferation of myofibroblasts in laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions (EHL) and squamous carcinoma (SC) were analyzed.

Methods: Samples of 42 resected larynxes and 40 laryngeal biopsies of EHL and SC were included. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin and leukocyte common antigen.

Expression of tenascin and fibronectin in benign epithelial hyperplastic lesions and squamous carcinoma of the larynx.

Background: Tenascin (T) and fibronectin (FN) are glycoprotein components of the extracellular matrix presumably involved in cancer progression. We analyzed their expression in epithelial hyperplastic lesions (EHL) and squamous carcinoma (SC) of the larynx.

Materials And Methods: Samples from resected larynges of 30 patients with SC, and laryngeal biopsies of 28 patients with EHL, SC or benign reactive conditions were included.

Clinical applicability of the Ljubljana classification of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions.

The diagnosis, prognosis, and choice of treatment of various laryngeal lesions depends almost entirely on the interpretation of changes in the covering epithelium. These abnormalities, referred to as epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions, have been graded according to the Ljubljana classification into simple, abnormal and atypical (risky epithelium) hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and prognostic value of this classification and to determine the incidence of malignant transformation.

The Ljubljana classification: a practical strategy for the diagnosis of laryngeal precancerous lesions.

There is no internationally accepted classification of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions (EHLL). The majority of current classifications follow criteria similar to those commonly used for cervical epithelial lesions. However, the different etiology of laryngeal cancer and its particular clinical and histologic features necessitate a grading system more appropriate to this region.

Chromosomes 7,17 polysomies and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and p53 protein in epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions.

Purpose: To visualize directly a sequence of genetic changes underlying the entire spectrum of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions (EHLL) and laryngeal cancer by the use of non-isotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) for chromosomes 7 and 17 in correlation with overexpression of p53 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The specific aim was to compare the results and prognostic significance between the two types of EHLL: isolated, mainly atypical hyperplasia or risky epithelium, and EHLL associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patients And Methods: 59 tissue specimens of EHLL obtained from 34 patients, graded according to the Ljubljana classification into simple (SH), abnormal (AbH) and atypical hyperplasia (AtH), and carcinoma in situ (CIS) were included in the study.

Criteria for grading in the Ljubljana classification of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions. A study by members of the Working Group on Epithelial Hyperplastic Laryngeal Lesions of the European Society of Pathology.

Aims: To validate histological criteria for the grading of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions (EHHL) (dysplastic laryngeal lesions), we used a system that had been devised and tested in Ljubljana, Slovenia over many years and was felt to be more appropriate to laryngeal pathology than is the commonly-used model of intraepithelial neoplasia in the cervix.

Methods And Results: Vocal cord biopsies of 45 patients with a broad spectrum of EHLL were reviewed. Detailed histological criteria were formulated for each of the four grades of EHLL in the Ljubljana classification, comprising simple hyperplasia (benign spinous layer augmentation), abnormal hyperplasia (benign basal and parabasal layer augmentation), atypical hyperplasia (risky for malignancy) and carcinoma in situ (actually malignant, but without invasion).

p53 protein overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell papillomas.

We retrospectively investigated p53 protein immunoreactivity in 103 laryngeal squamous cell papillomas (LP) previously revealed to be human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 positive by in situ hybridization and/or the polymerase chain reaction. 21 LP failed to show any detectable level of p53 protein reactivity. In 45 cases only occasional strongly positive cells were observed in almost the whole thickness of the epithelium.

Human papillomavirus infection and expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 protein in laryngeal papillomas.

Laryngeal papilloma (LP) is the most frequent benign laryngeal epithelial tumor caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 6 and 11. In the present study, we were interested in whether we can find any prognostic markers which might reflect the biological behavior of the covering epithelium in LP. We focused our attention on the determination of HPV infection, the detection of p53 protein, and c-erbB-2 protein in 24 biopsy specimens of LP.

Correlation of histomorphological criteria used in different classifications of epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx.

Different classifications of epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx were proposed, but none of them has been generally accepted. The basic distinction among these gradings is evaluation of carcinoma in situ as a precancerosis or a distinct and separate entity. In the present study, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ are evaluated according to the proposed histomorphological criteria of the Kambic-Lenart classification.

Epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB-2 and p53 overexpressions in epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx.

An immunohistochemical analysis of overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, and p53 proteins was performed on 43 biopsies of laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions (EHLL), classified according to the Kambic-Lenart classification, and in 11 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (SCCL). The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the staining patterns of these proteins and different grades of EHLL, and to reveal their possible prognostic value. We compared the staining patterns of atypical hyperplasia adjacent to cancer with the same type of lesions which have not turned malignant.

Langerhans cells in human papillomaviruses types 6/11 associated laryngeal papillomas.

Some studies have shown a reduced density of Langerhans cells (LCs) within epithelium infected by human papillomaviruses (HPV) types 16/18. However, data on a correlation between HPV types 6/11 infection and LCs have been missing. To solve this problem, we analysed 24 biopsy specimens of laryngeal papillomas, selected randomly, 20 multiple and 4 solitary.

Langerhans and other immunocompetent cells in vocal cord epithelial hyperplastic lesions of patients with chronic laryngitis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the intraepithelial and stromal density of Langerhans cells and lymphoid infiltrate in different stages of carcinogenesis in vocal cord biopsies of 24 randomly selected patients with chronic laryngitis. The Langerhans and lymphoid cells were counted using immunolabelling with antibodies against CD1a, S100, CD3, CD20, and CD68 on paraffin-embedded sections of 24 archival laryngeal vocal cord mucosa biopsy specimens, 6 classified as simple, 7 as abnormal, and 11 as atypical epithelial hyperplasia. Results were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon sign rank tests.

Human papillomaviruses: a study of their prevalence in the epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx.

This study investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in various laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions using the Kambic classification from simple hyperplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. For detection of HPV infection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 3 different HPV consensus primer sets and in situ hybridization were used. The presence of the HPV DNA was detected in only 2 of the 88 specimens tested: HPV type 6 was detected in 1 case of simple hyperplasia and HPV type 16 in 1 case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

Quantitative pathology of laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions.

We studied 40 laryngeal biopsies samples in order to ascertain the reliability of light microscopical criteria for subdividing laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic lesions (EHL) and carcinoma in situ as well as to determine the relationship between proliferative activity of their epithelial cells and the histological grade. The biopsies were divided into four groups in accordance with the Kambic-Lenart classification: simple, abnormal and atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ. 10 cases in each group were included.

Epithelial hyperplastic lesions--a challenging topic in laryngology.

Adequate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of particular pathologic entities of the laryngeal mucosa depend entirely on the histological changes of the epithelium. The basis for the classification of epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx (EHLL) is the progression of the histologic features of these lesions to cancer. Considering various criteria thought to be typical for the transformation of benign EHLL to carcinoma, they are most frequently classified into three different groups.

Overexpression of p53 protein in benign and malignant laryngeal epithelial lesions.

This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein in various laryngeal lesions using Kambic's classification from simple hyperplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and analyzed the relationship between p53 protein overexpression and the severity of epithelial abnormalities. p53 overexpression was observed in 10/19 (53%), in 9/16 (56%), and in 9/13 (69%) cases of simple, abnormal, and atypical hyperplasia respectively, and also in 8/10 (80%) cases of SCC. The proportion of immunoreactive cells and staining intensity increased with the progression of the epithelial hyperplastic lesions.

Expression of Ki-67 antigen and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the larynx.

In an attempt to analyse the proliferative activity in benign and malignant laryngeal epithelial lesions, and to determine the relationship to their histologic grade, we studied the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 antigen on 20 squamous carcinomas, and on 30 biopsies of epithelial hyperplasia categorized according to the Kambic-Lenart classification into simple, abnormal, and atypical hyperplasias. In simple hyperplasia, both antibodies stained the nuclei of the occasional cells in the basal layer. In abnormal hyperplasia (mild dyplasia), positive cells occupied up to a third, and in atypical hyperplasia (moderate and severe dysplasia) they occupied from two-thirds to the entire epithelial thickness.

Local immune response in hyperplastic lesions of the larynx.

A retrospective morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 25 benign and 5 malignant laryngeal hyperplastic lesions was performed concerning a local immune response which might be characteristic and of prognostic value for each particular group of these alterations, using Kambic's classification, especially for precancerous and cancerous lesions. On paraffin and frozen sections, 7 monoclonal antibodies against various leukocytic antigens were used. CD43 and CD45RO T lymphocytes were the predominant cells in the infiltrates, and their frequency increased according to the degree of hyperplastic lesions.

Laryngeal papillomatosis: molecular, histopathological, and clinical evaluation.

Molecular, histopathological, and clinical studies were carried out on a series of 79 laryngeal papillomas (LP) from 36 patients in order to investigate the hypothesis that juvenile and adult LP may represent a biological entity causally related to Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Using in situ hybridization with biotin-labelled probes and polymerase chain reaction, we detected human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11 in 28 of 29 juvenile LP, in 26 of 30 adult multiple, and in 17 of 20 adult solitary LP. None of LP was found to harbour HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 51.

Laryngeal hyperplastic lesions, follow-up study and application of lectins and anticytokeratins for their evaluation.

A retrospective study of 878 biopsy specimens from 692 patients with laryngeal hyperplastic aberrations was performed according to the Kambic-Lenart classification. Special attention was focused on 88 patients with persistent or recurring disease. In these carcinoma developed in 17 (2.

Laryngeal chondrosarcoma: is conservative surgery adequate treatment?

A case of laryngeal chondrosarcoma in a 63-year-old woman is presented. The report illustrates most of the features of this rare neoplasm, the difficulties in the histopathological evaluation and supports the previous ones that recommend an initial conservative attitude towards low grade laryngeal chondrosarcomas.

Alterations in the laryngeal mucosa after exposure to asbestos.

The laryngeal mucosa of 195 workers in an asbestos cement factory (Salonit Anhovo, Yugoslavia) and in a control group was examined. The factory manufactures asbestos cement products containing about 13% of asbestos (8% amosite, 12% crocidolite, and 80% chrysotile) of different provenance. Alterations in the laryngeal mucosa were more frequent in the factory workers than in the control group.