Short-term Outcomes of Pancreatoduodenectomy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare short-term outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy between patients with and without liver cirrhosis (LC).

Background: It is not uncommon to encounter a patient with LC and with an indication for pancreatoduodenectomy; however, the knowledge on the outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with LC is poorly developed.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards.

Cystic Artery Stump Pseudoaneurysm Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report.

Cystic artery stump pseudoaneurysm (CASP) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be related to multiple etiologies, especially the iatrogenic factor owing to the increased number of hepatobiliary procedures. Most patients present with haemobilia. Here we report a successfully managed case of CASP that initially complained of right upper abdominal pain.

Infant and adult human intestinal enteroids are morphologically and functionally distinct.

Unlabelled: Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are gaining recognition as physiologically relevant models of the intestinal epithelium. While HIEs from adults are used extensively in biomedical research, few studies have used HIEs from infants. Considering the dramatic developmental changes that occur during infancy, it is important to establish models that represent infant intestinal characteristics and physiological responses.

Minimally invasive versus open central pancreatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To compare the procedural outcomes of minimally invasive and open central pancreatectomy. A systematic review in compliance with PRISMA statement standards was conducted to identify and analyze studies comparing the procedural outcomes of minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) central pancreatectomy with the open approach. Random effects modeling using intention to treat data, and individual patient as unit of analysis, was used for analyses.

Pediatric human nose organoids demonstrate greater susceptibility, epithelial responses, and cytotoxicity than adults during RSV infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially in young children. Why RSV infection in children is more severe as compared to healthy adults is not fully understood. In the present study, we infect both pediatric and adult human nose organoid-air liquid interface (HNO-ALIs) cell lines with two contemporary RSV isolates and demonstrate how they differ in virus replication, induction of the epithelial cytokine response, cell injury, and remodeling.

Peptide YY: A Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide that maintains gut commensalism.

The mammalian gut secretes a family of multifunctional peptides that affect appetite, intestinal secretions, and motility whereas others regulate the microbiota. We have found that peptide YY (PYY), but not endocrine PYY, acts as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed by gut epithelial paneth cells (PC). PC-PYY is packaged into secretory granules and is secreted into and retained by surface mucus, which optimizes PC-PYY activity.

Functional Genomics of Gastrointestinal Isolated from Patients with Cancer and Diarrhea.

We describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 29 patients with cancer and diarrhea in whom Enteroaggregative (EAEC) was initially identified by GI BioFire panel multiplex. strains were successfully isolated from fecal cultures in 14 of 29 patients. Six of the 14 strains were identified as EAEC and 8 belonged to other diverse groups of unknown pathogenesis.

Infant and Adult Human Intestinal Enteroids are Morphologically and Functionally Distinct.

Background & Aims: Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are gaining recognition as physiologically relevant models of the intestinal epithelium. While HIEs from adults are used extensively in biomedical research, few studies have used HIEs from infants. Considering the dramatic developmental changes that occur during infancy, it is important to establish models that represent infant intestinal characteristics and physiological responses.

Case Report: Tuberculosis-Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects different organs, causing multiple complications, including hematological sequelae. One of the most common TB-hematological complications is anemia of chronic disease. Very rarely autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been reported as an uncommon manifestation of TB.

The role of multiparametric MRI in differentiating uterine leiomyosarcoma from benign degenerative leiomyoma and leiomyoma variants: a retrospective analysis.

Aim: To assess qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) factors that can help distinguish leiomyosarcoma (LMS) from benign degenerative leiomyoma (BDL) and leiomyoma variants (LV) and assess the interobserver agreement for the proposed quantitative factors.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of all histopathology proven cases of LV, BDL, and LMS with a preoperative MRI was performed. Twenty-seven cases were included (five LMS, three LV, and 19 BDL) with each case independently read by a pair of radiologists.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the penis: Description of a rare tumor arising in an unusual location.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor that most commonly arises in the extremities. Its occurrence in the genitourinary tract is extremely uncommon. We present an 82-year-old man who was found to have incidental pulmonary metastasis by imaging studies.

High-fat diet disrupts REG3γ and gut microbial rhythms promoting metabolic dysfunction.

Gut microbial diurnal oscillations are important diet-dependent drivers of host circadian rhythms and metabolism ensuring optimal energy balance. However, the interplay between diet, microbes, and host factors sustaining intestinal oscillations is complex and poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model, we report the host C-type lectin antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ works with key ileal microbes to orchestrate these interactions in a bidirectional manner and does not correlate with the intestinal core circadian clock.

Meckel's Diverticulum Enterolith: A Rare Cause of Perforation and Small Bowel Obstruction Presenting as Acute Abdomen.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. MD enteroliths are an uncommon entity that could rarely present with complications. We, herein, present a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with severe abdominal pain.

SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting as colitis with chest and abdomen CT findings.

Most of reported symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are related to the respiratory system. Extra pulmonary manifestations of this novel virus infection are being increasingly reported in the literature, with increased attention on the gastrointestinal symptoms which might be the only presenting symptoms in some patients. These GI symptoms are nonspecific and little reported cases in the literature of confirmed gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection by imaging.

Clinical Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Short-Term Outcomes andIn-Hospital Mortality of Cardiac Mechanical Support with Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD): A Retrospective Study from a National Database.

Background: Cardiac support with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) is a growing field. LVAD are increasingly used for patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Multiple studies have evaluated the outcomes of cardiac support with LVAD in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM), yet we still have conflicting results.

A meta-analysis of the utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting survival after pancreatic cancer resection.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is thought to reflect cancer disease burden. To assess the prognostic ability of the NLR on overall survival in patients with resectable, pancreatic cancer a meta-analysis of published literature was undertaken.

Method: A systematic review was performed independently by two authors using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases.

Clinical and therapeutic features of brucellosis: An 11-year study at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

To study the varying presentations, risk factors, and treatment outcomes among patients with physician-diagnosed brucellosis. This retrospective analysis evaluated all cases of brucellosis reported at King Khalid University Hospital during 2003-2013. Data were retrieved from patient records and a laboratory information system.

TREM2 Maintains Microglial Metabolic Fitness in Alzheimer's Disease.

Elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hypomorphic variants of TREM2, a surface receptor required for microglial responses to neurodegeneration, including proliferation, survival, clustering, and phagocytosis. How TREM2 promotes such diverse responses is unknown. Here, we find that microglia in AD patients carrying TREM2 risk variants and TREM2-deficient mice with AD-like pathology have abundant autophagic vesicles, as do TREM2-deficient macrophages under growth-factor limitation or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Multi-parametric (mp) MRI for the diagnosis of abdominal wall desmoid tumors.

Introduction: Desmoid tumors are benign myofibroblastic neoplasms, originating from the muscle aponeurosis and classified as deep fibromatoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of multi-parametric (mp)-MRI for the diagnosis of abdominal wall desmoid tumor (awdt).

Material And Methods: This Institutional review board approved retrospective study compared 10 patients (mean age±SD; 38.

Neonatal brucellosis: A case report.

Although brucellosis is not uncommon in Saudi Arabia, neonatal brucellosis has been infrequently reported. In this case of neonatal brucellosis, Brucella abortus was isolated by blood culture from both the mother and the neonate. Serology was positive only in the mother.

Gene-microbiota interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with risk variants in the human genome and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, though unifying principles for these findings remain largely undescribed. The human commensal Bacteroides fragilis delivers immunomodulatory molecules to immune cells via secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We reveal that OMVs require IBD-associated genes, ATG16L1 and NOD2, to activate a noncanonical autophagy pathway during protection from colitis.

Sequential Infection with Common Pathogens Promotes Human-like Immune Gene Expression and Altered Vaccine Response.

Immune responses differ between laboratory mice and humans. Chronic infection with viruses and parasites are common in humans, but are absent in laboratory mice, and thus represent potential contributors to inter-species differences in immunity. To test this, we sequentially infected laboratory mice with herpesviruses, influenza, and an intestinal helminth and compared their blood immune signatures to mock-infected mice before and after vaccination against yellow fever virus (YFV-17D).