Correction: Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter in Japan: Qualitative Analysis of Disrupted Plans and Consequences.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/49699.].

Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter in Japan: Qualitative Analysis of Disrupted Plans and Consequences.

Background: Despite being a pandemic, the impact of the spread of COVID-19 extends beyond public health, influencing areas such as the economy, education, work style, and social relationships. Research studies that document public opinions and estimate the long-term potential impact after the pandemic can be of value to the field.

Objective: This study aims to uncover and track concerns in Japan throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing Japanese individuals' self-disclosure of disruptions to their life plans on social media.

Nanoscale feedback control of six degrees of freedom of a near-sphere.

Manipulating the rotational as well as the translational degrees of freedom of rigid bodies has been a crucial ingredient in diverse areas, from optically controlled micro-robots, navigation, and precision measurements at macroscale to artificial and biological Brownian motors at nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate feedback cooling of all the angular motions of a near-spherical neutral nanoparticle with all the translational motions feedback-cooled to near the ground state. The occupation numbers of the three translational motions are 6 ± 1, 6 ± 1, and 0.

Revealing the Velocity Uncertainties of a Levitated Particle in the Quantum Ground State.

We demonstrate time-of-flight measurements for an ultracold levitated nanoparticle and reveal its velocity for the translational motion brought to the quantum ground state. We discover that the velocity distributions obtained with repeated release-and-recapture measurements are significantly broadened via librational motions of the nanoparticle. Under feedback cooling on all the librational motions, we recover the velocity distributions in reasonable agreement with an expectation from the occupation number, with approximately twice the width of the quantum limit.

Optical cold damping of neutral nanoparticles near the ground state in an optical lattice.

We propose and demonstrate purely optical feedback cooling of neutral nanoparticles in an optical lattice to an occupation number of 0.85 ± 0.20.

Medical Needs Extraction for Breast Cancer Patients from Question and Answer Services: Natural Language Processing-Based Approach.

Background: A large number of patient narratives are available on various web services. As for web question and answer services, patient questions often relate to medical needs, and we expect these questions to provide clues for a better understanding of patients' medical needs.

Objective: This study aimed to extract patients' needs and classify them into thematic categories.

Diaphragm used with replens gel and risk of bacterial vaginosis: results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been linked to female HIV acquisition and transmission. We investigated the effect of providing a latex diaphragm with Replens and condoms compared to condom only on BV prevalence among participants enrolled in an HIV prevention trial.

Methods: We enrolled HIV-seronegative women and obtained a vaginal swab for diagnosis of BV using Nugent's criteria; women with BV (score 7-10) were compared to those with intermediate (score 4-6) and normal flora (score 0-3).

The possibility of left dominant activation of the sensorimotor cortex during lip protrusion in men.

Lip protrusion requires bilateral symmetrical movements of the facial muscles, but the laterality of the activated sensorimotor cortex corresponding to the area of the face activated during lip protrusion remains under discussion. In this study, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the sensorimotor cortex during non-verbal lip protrusion were evaluated in a 3T magnetic field in twenty healthy right-handed subjects. The results showed that the activated sensorimotor area on the left side was larger than that on the right side, and there was a statistically significant difference in the number of activated voxels between the left and right sensorimotor cortex in an individual study of the male group, although approximately symmetrical motor action potentials of facial muscles were recorded during lip protrusion.

Building-specific categorical processing in the retrosplenial cortex.

This study investigates by functional MRI (fMRI) the characteristics of processing activities at the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and compares them to activities at the parahippocampal place area (PPA). A special categorical selectivity of the RSC in the recognition of buildings was elucidated. RSC activation-which is related to the processing of information vis-à-vis buildings, as well as the perception and recollection thereof-deals with buildings per se, or the conceptual aspects of buildings; it is not involved in distinguishing information regarding individual buildings, as is the case with PPA.

Consistent condom use in married Zimbabwean women after a condom intervention.

Objectives: Condom use to prevent HIV in Africa has increased in nonmarital sexual encounters but remains low within marriage. Married women of reproductive age, however, are at high risk of HIV.

Goal: This study investigated factors associated with consistent condom use after a brief intervention.

Alteration of blood oxygenation level-dependent signaling by local circulatory condition.

Purpose: To determine regional differences in the relationship between neuronal activation and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes.

Materials And Methods: We performed BOLD and perfusion-based studies on healthy adult volunteers (40 for BOLD and 20 for perfusion-based studies) with visual stimulation of varied extent in the visual field of subjects.

Results: Regions with a significant negative correlation between the extent of visual stimuli and BOLD and perfusion responses were found bilaterally on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe just anterior to the occipital pole.

Progression of neuronal processing of visual objects.

We studied, with functional MRI, how neuronal processing for visual objects progresses in the human brain by measuring suppressive responses to stimulus pairs. Two concentric rectangular frames of slightly different sizes were presented such that the smaller frame was shown first, followed by the larger dominant frame, with interstimulus intervals of 0, 50 and 240-ms. The functional MRI response at 50-ms decreased along the ventral visual pathway.

An fMRI study of the functional distinction of neuronal circuits at the sites on ventral visual stream co-activated by visual stimuli of different objects.

In functional studies of the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we often observe some functional areas that are commonly activated by different stimulus inputs even when the inputs are of different categories. It is difficult to distinguish by fMRI whether the neuronal circuits activated for processing these inputs are separate and independent ones within the functional area or whether they are mutually interactive and possibly sharing a part of the circuits for processing some common features of the input information. In order to elucidate such property of the neuronal circuits, we used a novel paradigm in which paired input stimuli with varied inter stimulus interval (ISI) were presented during a stimulation period in fMRI experiments.

Sonographic subcutaneous and visceral fat indices represent the distribution of body fat volume.

Background: A reliable method for direct measurement of both subcutaneous and visceral fat volume is the measurement of fat tissue area from tomographic pictures by CT or by MR imaging. However, these are not widely usable because of high cost and/or exposure to radiation.

Methods: We compared sonographic subcutaneous and visceral fat indices with fat distribution by serial-slice MR imaging in 17 subjects.

G protein-coupled receptor for diapause hormone, an inducer of Bombyx embryonic diapause.

Bombyx diapause hormone was the first chemical substance identified as a maternal control factor that arrests offspring development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the hormone transduces the signal to the oocyte that induces embryonic diapause immediately after mesoderm segmentation are not fully understood. Here, we describe a cDNA for a G protein-coupled diapause hormone receptor with seven transmembrane domains.

Predictors of diaphragm use as a potential sexually transmitted disease/HIV prevention method in Zimbabwe.

Background: Women who are the most vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases/HIV are often unable to consistently use condoms. One potential alternative method currently under investigation is the diaphragm.

Goals: The goals of this study were to assess diaphragm uptake and use over time in Zimbabwe and to identify factors associated with self-reported consistent diaphragm use.

A dynamic system model-based technique for functional MRI data analysis.

Signals in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are influenced by physiological fluctuations in addition to local brain activity. We have proposed a dynamic system model-based technique for separation of signal changes related to brain activation inputs from those related to physiological fluctuations. We applied this technique to a visual fMRI experiment to determine the validity and feasibility of this technique for fMRI data analyses.

Age-related changes in cerebral lactate metabolism in sleep-disordered breathing.

Thirty-one patients, aged 22-71 years, with nocturnal apneic episodes and/or habitual snoring were studied with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diagnostic polysomnography separately to determine whether accumulation of lactate caused by cerebral hypoxia during sleep is associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), aging and co-morbidities related to SDB. Eight proton magnetic resonance spectra for sleep and two for periods of arousal were obtained from the right centrum semiovale. All patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of co-morbidities including hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.

Transneuronal degeneration in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: evaluation by MR imaging.

The aim of this study was to assess the MR imaging findings of transneuronal degeneration of limbic system in the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, and to detect the influence of surgery on the anatomy of the limbic system. Axial and coronal T1- and T2-weighted MR images were retrospectively analyzed in 34 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, focusing on transneuronal degeneration. In 17 of the 34 patients, MR images were also analyzed after selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy.

Measurement of agitation force in dissolution test and mechanical destructive force in disintegration test.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the agitation force and mechanical destructive force on the drug dissolution of a tablet in the paddle rotation dissolution test and in the disintegration test. The agitation in the paddle method and the mechanical destructive force in the disintegration test were considered to be conclusive factors for drug dissolution. The dissolution rate of planar-constant-release tablets increased with increasing paddle rotation speed and increased with increasing distance from the center of the vessel bottom.

Association of cervical SIL and HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean women in an HIV/STI prevention study.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on women attending family planning clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe to determine the prevalence of cervical neoplasia among HIV-1 positive women relative to an HIV-1 negative control group. Five hundred and fifty four women were recruited and the prevalence of HIV-1 was 36.8%.

Comparison of the mechanical destructive force in the small intestine of dog and human.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the destructive force that oral solid dosage forms receive in the small intestine of dogs and humans. Information on the mechanical destructive forces of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) helps formulation design research in the following way: (1) to improve the predictability of the dissolution test since in vivo drug release is affected by not only agitation intensity but also mechanical stress; (2) to design safe and robust products by avoiding dose-dumping or unintended drug release at an inadequate site; (3) to better understand the species difference in bioavailability by comparing the destructive forces against dosage forms in the GI of dogs with those of humans. "Destructive force Dependent Release System" (DDRS) was developed to measure the mechanical destructive forces of the GI tract by using highly hydrophobic Teflon powder.

Evaluation of the mechanical destructive force in the stomach of dog.

Orally administered dosage forms receive a destructive force in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract due to peristalsis. In this study, the destructive force was measured with a 'destructive force-dependent release system' (DDRS). DDRS is a press-coated tablet with an extremely brittle outer layer composed of highly hydrophobic Teflon(R) powder, which is molded with a weak compression force.