Immediate effectiveness of condoliase chemonucleolysis for lumbar disc herniation: a comparative study between patients with difficulty walking because of severe leg pain and those who can walk.

Surgery is often the treatment of choice for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with severe leg pain. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Condoliase chemonucleolysis (CC) in patients who were nonambulatory because of severe leg pain. A total of 58 patients who underwent CC for conservative treatment-resistant LDH were included in this study.

Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma: A case report of rare pulmonary metastasis.

Pulmonary metastasis of ameloblastoma is a rare associated with the histopathologically plexiform types of ameloblastoma. In this report, we present an exceptionally rare case of pulmonary metastatic ameloblastoma without local recurrence, emerging 12 years post-initial resection. A female patient, initially diagnosed with mandibular desmoplastic ameloblastoma, revealed masses in both lung fields of the lung on chest radiography, while chest computed tomography revealed more than 10 nodules in both lungs.

Quantitative live-cell imaging of secretion activity reveals dynamic immune responses.

Quantification of cytokine secretion has facilitated advances in the field of immunology, yet the dynamic and varied secretion profiles of individual cells, particularly those obtained from limited human samples, remain obscure. Herein, we introduce a technology for quantitative live-cell imaging of secretion activity (qLCI-S) that enables high-throughput and dual-color monitoring of secretion activity at the single-cell level over several days, followed by transcriptome analysis of individual cells based on their phenotype. The efficacy of qLCI-S was demonstrated by visualizing the characteristic temporal pattern of cytokine secretion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which constitute less than 0.

Upregulation of IL-4 receptor signaling pathway in circulating ILC2s from asthma patients.

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines by stimulation with epithelial cell-derived cytokines and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases, including asthma. However, differences in the molecular characteristics of ILC2s between patients with asthma and healthy subjects remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to evaluate differences in cytokine production capacity and gene expression profile of ILC2s in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and healthy subjects.

Bimodal artificial intelligence using TabNet for differentiating spinal cord tumors-Integration of patient background information and images.

We proposed a bimodal artificial intelligence that integrates patient information with images to diagnose spinal cord tumors. Our model combines TabNet, a state-of-the-art deep learning model for tabular data for patient information, and a convolutional neural network for images. As training data, we collected 259 spinal tumor patients (158 for schwannoma and 101 for meningioma).

Time-dependent cell-state selection identifies transiently expressed genes regulating ILC2 activation.

The decision of whether cells are activated or not is controlled through dynamic intracellular molecular networks. However, the low population of cells during the transition state of activation renders the analysis of the transcriptome of this state technically challenging. To address this issue, we have developed the Time-Dependent Cell-State Selection (TDCSS) technique, which employs live-cell imaging of secretion activity to detect an index of the transition state, followed by the simultaneous recovery of indexed cells for subsequent transcriptome analysis.

Annexin A1 is a cell-intrinsic metalloregulator of zinc in human ILC2s.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines including interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in response to various stimuli, causing allergic and eosinophilic diseases. However, the cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of human ILC2s remain unclear. Here, we analyze human ILC2s derived from different tissues and pathological conditions and identify ANXA1, encoding annexin A1, as a commonly highly expressed gene in non-activated ILC2s.

Topologically associating domain underlies tissue specific expression of long intergenic non-coding RNAs.

Accumulating evidence indicates that long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) show more tissue-specific expression patterns than protein-coding genes (PCGs). However, although lincRNAs are subject to canonical transcriptional regulation like PCGs, the molecular basis for the specificity of their expression patterns remains unclear. Here, using expression data and coordinates of topologically associating domains (TADs) in human tissues, we show that lincRNA loci are significantly enriched in the more internal region of TADs compared to PCGs and that lincRNAs within TADs have higher tissue specificity than those outside TADs.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induce mixed chimerism and donor-specific allograft tolerance.

In transplantation using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies focused on major histocompatibility complexes were adopted to avoid immune rejection. We showed that minor antigen mismatches are a risk factor for graft rejection, indicating that immune regulation remains one of the most important issues. In organ transplantation, it has been known that mixed chimerism using donor-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can induce donor-specific tolerance.

Induction of allograft tolerance by adoptive transfer of donor B cells: an immune regulatory strategy for transplantation using MHC-matched iPS cells.

For cellular or tissue transplantation using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), from the viewpoint of time and economic cost, the use of allogeneic ones is being considered. Immune regulation is one of the key issues in successful allogeneic transplantation. To reduce the risk of rejection, several attempts have been reported to eliminate effects of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the iPSC-derived grafts.

The early neutrophil-committed progenitors aberrantly differentiate into immunoregulatory monocytes during emergency myelopoiesis.

Inflammatory stimuli cause a state of emergency myelopoiesis leading to neutrophil-like monocyte expansion. However, their function, the committed precursors, or growth factors remain elusive. In this study we find that Ym1Ly6C monocytes, an immunoregulatory entity of neutrophil-like monocytes, arise from progenitors of neutrophil 1 (proNeu1).

Most Important Things and Associated Factors With Prioritizing Daily Life in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Patients' values and priorities in their lives should be appreciated from an early phase of incurable diseases such as advanced cancer. However, studies examining these characteristics have been lacking. This study attempted to determine what patients with advanced lung cancer valued most, once they had been diagnosed, and any associated factors.

Assessment of bone health in patients with prostate cancer using cancer staging computed tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of vertebral Hounsfield unit (HU) values from computed tomography (CT) in cancer staging as a supplementary screening tool for bone health among prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: T-scores of bone mineral density (BMD) in each lumbar vertebra (L1-L4) and hip for newly diagnosed PCa patients (N = 139) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The degenerative changes in each lumbar vertebra were assessed, and the HU values of trabecular bone in axial CT images of each vertebral body (vertebral CT-HU value) were measured using staging CT.

Association between high immune activity and worse prognosis in uveal melanoma and low-grade glioma in TCGA transcriptomic data.

Background: Immune status in the tumor microenvironment is an important determinant of cancer progression and patient prognosis. Although a higher immune activity is often associated with a better prognosis, this trend is not absolute and differs across cancer types. We aimed to give insights into why some cancers do not show better survival despite higher immunity by assessing the relationship between different biological factors, including cytotoxicity, and patient prognosis in various cancer types using RNA-seq data collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Evaluation of immunosuppression protocols for MHC-matched allogeneic iPS cell-based transplantation using a mouse skin transplantation model.

Background: Off-the-shelf major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched iPS cells (iPSC) can potentially initiate host immune responses because of the existence of numerous minor antigens. To suppress allo-immune responses, combination of immunosuppressants is usually used, but its efficacy to the allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation has not been precisely evaluated.

Methods: Three transplantation models were used in this study; MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched mouse skin or iPSC-graft transplantation, and fully allogeneic human iPSC-derived liver organoid transplantation in immune-humanized mice.

Long-Term Follow-Up of SAPHO Syndrome for 15 Years Led to a Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Pain and Trismus.

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a systemic disease with symptoms of pustular skin disease and sterile osteoarticular lesions. This disease rarely involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Although it is a disease with a good long-term prognosis, its treatment remains challenging.

Aging-associated stem/progenitor cell dysfunction in the salivary glands of mice.

Although stem cell aging leads to a decline in tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity, it remains unclear whether salivary gland stem cell function changes during this process. However, the salivary glands are gradually replaced by connective tissue during aging. Here, we show a decline in the stem cell ability of CD133-positive stem/progenitor cells in the salivary glands of aged mice.

Landscape of prognostic signatures and immunogenomics of the AXL/GAS6 axis in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), whose targets include oncogenic AXL and unique ligand GAS6. Critical gaps in basic knowledge need to be addressed to devise an exclusive biomarker and candidate when targeting the AXL/GAS6 axis.

Methods: To clarify the effects of the AXL/GAS6 axis on RCC, we herein performed a large-scale immunogenomic analysis and single-cell counts including various metastatic organs and histological subtypes of RCC.

Profiling the inhibitory receptors LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT in renal cell carcinoma reveals malignancy.

A cutting edge therapy for future immuno-oncology is targeting a new series of inhibitory receptors (IRs): LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT. Both immunogenomic analyses and diagnostic platforms to distinguish candidates and predict good responders to these IR-related agents are vital in clinical pathology. By applying an automated single-cell count for immunolabelled LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT, we reveal that individual IR levels with exclusive domination in each tumour can serve as valid biomarkers for profiling human renal cell carcinoma (RCC).