Occupational noise exposure and its effects among mill workers: A narrative review.

There are many possibilities for noise exposure in industrial workplaces, including sectors that extensively use heavy machinery in processing each product. Various studies indicate a causal relationship between noise exposure and auditory/nonauditory effects among workers. Noise exposure poses risks to health and workers' hearing acuity and safety.

Dynamics of Land use and Land cover in the Belitung Island, Indonesia.

Belitung Island, situated in the Southeast Asian tin belt, experiences substantial transformations in land use and land cover (LULC) driven by mining activities, impacting both local economic growth and the ecosystem. This study aims to elucidate the dynamic LULC changes on Belitung Island and evaluate deforestation trends. LULC data spanning from 1990 to 2020 were acquired from The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), employing supervised classification of satellite imageries.

The Development of Organotin(IV) N-Ethyl-N-Benzyldithiocarbamate Complexes: A Study on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocidal Effects on A549 Cell Line.

Background: Organotin(IV) complexes of dithiocarbamate are vital in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting potential in targeting cancer cells due to their unique properties that enhance targeted delivery. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize organotin(IV) -ethyl--benzyldithiocarbamate complexes (ONBDCs) and evaluate their cytotoxicity against A549 cells, which are commonly used as a model for human lung cancer research.

Methods: The two ONBDC derivatives - ONBDC 1 (dimethyltin(IV) -ethyl--benzyldithiocarbamate) and ONBDC 2 (triphenyltin(IV) -ethyl--benzyldithiocarbamate) - were synthesized via the reaction of tin(IV) chloride with N-ethylbenzylamine in the presence of carbon disulfide.

Respirable dust exposure impact on respiratory symptoms among cleaners in a Selangor Public University, Malaysia.

Introduction: Cleaners perform a vital role in environmental health by keeping the place clean, but they are also exposed to various hazards. Yet, there is a lack of effective and accessible occupational safety standard measures, thus making this to be difficult to monitor the long-term health effects of cleaners. This study aims to determine the respirable dust exposure on respiratory symptoms among cleaners in a public university in Selangor.

From tap to table: An assessment of drinking water quality in Perak, Malaysia.

Introduction: A study on the quality of drinking water was conducted at Air Kuning Treatment Plant In Perak, Malaysia, based on a sanitary survey in 14 sampling points stations from the intake area to the auxiliary points. This was to ensure the continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water to the consumers for public health protection. The objective was to examine the physical, microbiological, and chemical parameters of the water, classification at each site based on National Drinking Water Standards (NDWQS) and to understand the spatial variation using environmetric technique; principal component analysis (PCA).

Curcumin piperidone derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and suppress miRNA-21 expression in LN-18 human glioblastoma cells.

Background: Previously, we have reported on the two curcuminoid analogues with piperidone derivatives, namely FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 have more potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects than curcumin. In this study, we further investigated the mode of cell death and the mechanism involved in the cell death process induced by these analogues on human glioblastoma LN-18 cells.

Results: The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues induced LN-18 cell death through apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner following 24 h of treatment.

Health-Seeking Behaviors and Treatments Received for Menopause Symptoms: A Questionnaire Survey among Midlife Women Attending Primary Healthcare Clinics in Malaysia.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess menopause symptoms, treatment-seeking behaviors, treatments received, and factors associated with seeking consultation from healthcare providers (HCPs).

Methods: Using a self-administered Menopause Quick-6 in the Malay language (MQ6[M]) questionnaire, we surveyed 349 women aged 40-60 years attending primary healthcare clinics in four states in Malaysia for their menopause symptoms. Health-seeking behaviors for menopause symptoms were assessed using questions regarding HCPs consulted and treatments prescribed.

The Malaysian Society of Toxicology: from establishment to evolution, a promising future!

The Malaysian Society of Toxicology (MySOT), founded in 2010, emerged as a response to the growing need for a collective and interdisciplinary effort to study the effects of substances on human health, and the environment. By fostering collaboration between toxicologists, researchers, regulators, industry experts, and various relevant subject matter experts, MySOT has played a vital role in generating knowledge and promoting safety to safeguard both human and environmental well-being. Within the 13 years since its establishment, MySOT has made substantial progress in the advancement of toxicology in Malaysia.

Organotin (IV) Dithiocarbamate Compounds as Anticancer Agents: A Review of Syntheses and Cytotoxicity Studies.

Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate has recently received attention as a therapeutic agent among organotin (IV) compounds. The individual properties of the organotin (IV) and dithiocarbamate moieties in the hybrid complex form a synergy of action that stimulates increased biological activity. Organotin (IV) components have been shown to play a crucial role in cytotoxicity.

Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells.

The discovery of cisplatin has influenced scientists to study the anticancer properties of other metal complexes. Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds are gaining attention as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxic properties on cancer cells. In this study, a series of organotin compounds were assessed for their toxic effects on the Jurkat E6.

Biological active metabolites from microalgae for healthcare and pharmaceutical industries: A comprehensive review.

Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms which comprise of species from several phyla. Microalgae are promising in producing a varieties of products, including food, feed supplements, chemicals, and biofuels. Medicinal supplements derived from microalgae are of a significant market in which compounds such as -carotene, astaxanthin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and polysaccharides such as -glucan, are prominent.

Triphenyltin(IV) dithiocarbamate compound induces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in K562 human erythroleukemia cells primarily via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.

The novel di-and triphenyltin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds represented as RSnL (where R = CH, CH; n = 2,3; L = N,N-dithiocarbamate), PhSn(N,N-diisopropyldithiocarbamate) (OC1), PhSn(N,N-diisopropyldithiocarbamate) (OC2), PhSn(N,N-diallyldithiocarbamate) (OC3), PhSn(N,N-diallyldithiocarbamate) (OC4), and PhSn(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate) (OC5) were assessed for their cytotoxicity in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. All compounds inhibited the growth of cells at low micromolar concentrations (<10 μM), and the mechanism underlying their antiproliferative effects on K562 cells was apoptosis, as corroborated by the exposure of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine. OC2, which showed the most promising antiproliferative activity, was selected for further analyses.

Synthesis, spectral characterization and antiproliferative activity of new organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate compounds on K562 cells.

Four new organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds with general formulae of PhnSn [SCN(CHCHOCHCH)] for compound 1 and 2; and PhSn[SCN(CH)(CHCHCH)] for compound 3 and 4 were successfully synthesized via in situ insertion method. These compounds namely, diphenyltin(IV)- [1] and triphenyltin(IV) N,N-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)dithiocarbamate [2], diphenyltin(IV)- [3] and triphenyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-phenethyldithiocarbamate [4] were each characterized with CHNS elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies (H, C and Sn). The compounds were then assessed for their cytotoxicity against K562 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazholium bromide (MTT) assay upon 24 h treatment.

"Providing Sex Education Is Challenging": Malay Mothers' Experience in Implementing Sex Education to Their Children with Intellectual Disabilities.

Sex education (SE) is still a controversial and sensitive topic in Malaysia. Thus, individuals with intellectual disability receive less information about SE formally as Malaysian culture believes that students with disabilities should be shielded from everything connected to sexuality owing to their paucity of maturity and intellectual comprehension of the topic. Due to that reason, non-formal education by the parent is very important to fill that needful gap.

Barriers and Concerns in Providing Sex Education among Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Experiences from Malay Mothers.

Though sex education (SE) may benefit the sexual development and overall well-being of children with intellectual disabilities (IDs), obstacles to its implementation remain. This study highlights barriers and concerns of SE for children with IDs based on their mothers' experiences. We employed a phenomenological approach and in-depth interviews with twenty Malay mothers of children with mild-to-moderate IDs or/and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Cellular Basis of Organotin(IV) Derivatives as Anticancer Metallodrugs: A Review.

Organotin(IV) compounds have wide applications in industrial and agricultural fields owing to their ability to act as poly(vinyl chloride) stabilizers and catalytic agents as well as their medicinal properties. Moreover, organotin(IV) compounds may have applications as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, or antimicrobial agents based on the observation of synergistic effects following the binding of their respective ligands, resulting in the enhancement of their biological activities. In this review, we describe the antiproliferative activities of organotin(IV) compounds in various human cancer cell lines based on different types of ligands.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of organotin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compounds as anticancer agent towards colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).

Context: Diphenyltin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compound (Compound ) and triphenyltin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compound (Compound ) are two newly synthesised compounds of organotin(IV) with diallyldithiocarbamate ligands.

Objective: To assess the cytotoxic effects of two synthesised compounds against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and human CCD-18Co normal colon cells.

Materials And Methods: Two successfully synthesised compounds were characterised using elemental (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur) analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), and H, C Sn Nucleus Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies.

Progress in waste valorization using advanced pyrolysis techniques for hydrogen and gaseous fuel production.

Hydrogen and gaseous fuel derived from wastes have opened up promising alternative pathways for the production of renewable and sustainable fuels to substitute classical fossil energy resources that cause global warming and pollution. Existing review articles focus mostly on gasification, reforming and pyrolysis processes, with limited information on particularly gaseous fuel production via pyrolysis of various waste products. This review provides an overview on the recent advanced pyrolysis technology used in hydrogen and gaseous fuel production.

(,-Di-allyl-dithio-carbamato-κ ,')tri-phenyltin(IV) and bis-(,-di-allyl-dithio-carbamato-κ ,')di-phenyl-tin(IV): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study.

The crystal and mol-ecular structures of the title organotin di-thio-carbamate compounds, [Sn(CH)(CHNS)] (I) and [Sn(CH)(CHNS)] (II), present very distinct tin atom coordination geometries. In (I), the di-thio-carbamate ligand is asymmetrically coordinating with the resulting CS donor set defining a coordination geometry inter-mediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal. In (II), two independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit, which differ in the conformations of the allyl substituents and in the relative orientations of the tin-bound phenyl rings.

(,-Diiso-propyl-dithio-carbamato)tri-phenyl-tin(IV): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study.

The crystal and mol-ecular structures of the title triorganotin di-thio-carbamate, [Sn(CH)(CHNS)], are described. The mol-ecular geometry about the metal atom is highly distorted being based on a CS tetra-hedron as the di-thio-carbamate ligand is asymmetrically chelating to the tin centre. The close approach of the second thione-S atom [Sn⋯S = 2.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of (-hexyl--methyl-dithio-carbamato-κ,')triphenyl-tin(IV) and [-methyl--(2-phenyl-ethyl)-dithio-carbamato-κ,']tri-phenyl-tin(IV).

The crystal and mol-ecular structures of two tri-phenyl-tin di-thio-carbamate compounds, . [Sn(CH)(CHNS)], (I), and [Sn(CH)(CHNS)], (II), are described. The di-thio-carbamate ligand in each mol-ecule coordinates in an asymmetric fashion resulting in heavily distorted tetra-hedral CS coordin-ation geometries for the Sn atoms, with the distortions traced to the close approach of the non-coordinating thione-S atom.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of bis-[,-bis-(2-meth-oxy-eth-yl)di-thio-carbamato-κ,']di--butyl-tin(IV) and [-(2-meth-oxy-eth-yl)--methyl-dithio-carbamato-κ,']tri-phenyl-tin(IV).

The crystal and mol-ecular structures of the two title organotin di-thio-carbamate compounds, [Sn(CH)(CHNOS)], (I), and [Sn(CH)(CHNOS)], (II), are described. Both structures feature asymmetrically bound di-thio-carbamate ligands leading to a skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry for the metal atom in (I) and a distorted tetra-hedral geometry in (II). The complete mol-ecule of (I) is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis (Sn site symmetry 2).

Characterization of rainwater chemical composition after a Southeast Asia haze event: insight of transboundary pollutant transport during the northeast monsoon.

Open biomass burning in Peninsula Malaysia, Sumatra, and parts of the Indochinese region is a major source of transboundary haze pollution in the Southeast Asia. To study the influence of haze on rainwater chemistry, a short-term investigation was carried out during the occurrence of a severe haze episode from March to April 2014. Rainwater samples were collected after a prolonged drought and analyzed for heavy metals and major ion concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC), respectively.

Di--butyl-bis-[-(2-meth-oxy-eth-yl)--methyl-dithio-carbamato-κ,']tin(IV): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The complete mol-ecule of the title compound, [Sn(CH)(CHNOS)], is generated by a crystallographic mirror plane, with the Sn atom and the two inner methyl-ene C atoms of the butyl ligands lying on the mirror plane; statistical disorder is noted in the two terminal ethyl groups, which deviate from mirror symmetry. The di-thio-carbamate ligand coordinates to the metal atom in an asymmetric mode with the resulting CS donor set defining a skew trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry; the -butyl groups are disposed to lie over the longer Sn-S bonds. Supra-molecular chains aligned along the -axis direction and sustained by methyl-ene-C-H⋯S(weakly coordinating) inter-actions feature in the mol-ecular packing.

[-Benzyl--(2-phenyl-eth-yl)di-thio-carbamato-κ,']tri-phenyl-tin(IV) and [bis-(2-meth-oxy-eth-yl)di-thio-carbamato-κ,']tri-phenyl-tin(IV): crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The crystal and mol-ecular structures of two tri-phenyl-tin di-thio-carbamates, [Sn(CH)(CHNS)], (I), and [Sn(CH)(CHNOS)], (II), are described. In (I), the di-thio-carbamate ligand coordinates the Sn atom in an asymmetric manner, leading to a highly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry defined by a CS donor set with the weakly bound S atom approximately to one of the -C atoms. A similar structure is found in (II), but the di-thio-carbamate ligand coordinates in an even more asymmetric fashion.