Assessing the effects of fluorine-free and PFAS-containing firefighting foams on development and behavioral responses using a zebrafish-based platform.

Significant progress has been made in developing fluorine-free firefighting foams (F3) as alternatives to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-containing aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) to help eliminate the health and environmental concerns linked to PFAS exposure. However, developing viable F3 options hinges on a thorough assessment of potential risks alongside the technical performance evaluations. This study showcases the capability of a zebrafish-based platform to discern the developmental and behavioral toxicities associated with exposure to one AFFF and two F3 formulations.

Low vitamin D level increases women's breast cancer risks, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq: A case-control study.

Vitamin D (Vit D) is essential in maintaining calcium homeostasis and other body processes. It has been widely studied how Vit D affects cell cycle pathways and how it affects the development and prevention of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to determine Vit D insufficiency linkage to the development of BC.

Speckle tracking echocardiography for diagnosis of right ventricular failure in children with totally corrected tetralogy of Fallot in Sulaimani, Iraq.

Objectives: The study was aimed at using speckle tracking echocardiography as a novel technique to diagnose right ventricular failure (RVF) in children with total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) through surgery.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed at the Children's Heart Hospital of Sulaimani for 9 months. A total of 150 children with completely repaired TOF were enrolled to investigate RVF.

Modification of the drug resistance of emerging milk-borne pathogens through sodium alginate-based antibiotics and nanoparticles.

and are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of and in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium alginate (G)-stabilized MgO nanoparticles (M) and antibiotics (tylosin [T] and ampicillin [A]) against both of these pathogens.

Development of Iron Sequester Antioxidant Quercetin@ZnO Nanoparticles with Photoprotective Effects on UVA-Irradiated HaCaT Cells.

Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation A (UVA, 320-400 nm) is a significant risk factor leading to various human skin conditions such as premature aging or photoaging. This condition is enhanced by UVA-mediated iron release from cellular iron proteins affecting huge populations across the globe.

Purpose: Quercetin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (quercetin@ZnO NPs) were prepared to examine its cellular iron sequestration ability to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells.

Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: A total scale analysis review.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates.

Ochratoxin A-induced genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms lead to Alzheimer disease: its modulation with strategies.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mostly found in food items including grains and coffee beans. It induces DNA single-strand breaks and has been considered to be carcinogenic. It is recognized as a serious threat to reproductive health both in males and females.

Circadian and sleep dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating and irreversible cognitive impairment and the most common type of dementia. Along with progressive cognitive impairment, dysfunction of the circadian rhythms also plays a pivotal role in the progression of AD. A mutual relationship among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well-recommended.

Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Promise of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the utmost chronic neurodegenerative disorders, which is characterized from a neuropathological point of view by the aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that are deposited as senile plaques and tau proteins which form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Even though advancement has been observed in order to understand AD pathogenesis, currently available therapeutic methods can only deliver modest symptomatic relief. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids have gained substantial attention due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties as alternative candidates for AD therapy.

A Review on The Protective Effects of Metformin in Sepsis-Induced Organ Failure.

Despite advances in sepsis management, it remains a major intensive-care-unit (ICU) concern. From new prospective, positive effects of metformin, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are considered potentially beneficial properties for management of septic patients. This article reviewed the potential ameliorative effects of metformin in sepsis-induced organ failure.

Magnitude and determinants of complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aim: Concurrent estimates on the magnitude and evidence on the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in Ethiopia are currently disparate. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the magnitude and determinants of CF among children age 6-23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods: Studies from various databases published until July 2018 were identified, selected, extracted and assessed for risk of bias by two authors independently.

Correction to: Endothelial PPARγ Is Crucial for Averting Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction by Stalling Oxidative Stress and ROCK.

The original article unfortunately contains minor errors in Figs. 1 and 2. The correct Fig.

Biochemical evidence on the potential role of methyl mercury in hepatic glucose metabolism through inflammatory signaling and free radical pathways.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely important environmental toxicant posing serious health risks to human health and a big source of environmental pollutant. Numerous evidence available showing a link between nervous system toxicity and MeHg exposure. Other forms of mercury are reason of metabolic toxic effects and alteration of DNA in the human body.

Endothelial PPARγ Is Crucial for Averting Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction by Stalling Oxidative Stress and ROCK.

Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. Activation of the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and small GTPases by inflammatory signals may cause vascular permeability and endothelial leakage. Pro-inflammatory molecules have a significant effect on smooth muscle cells (SMC).

The antioxidant components of milk and their role in processing, ripening, and storage: Functional food.

The current rate of population growth is so fast that, to feed this massive population, a 2-fold increase in land is required for the production of quality food. Improved dietary products such as milk and its products with antioxidant properties and functional foods of animal origin have been utilized to prevent chronic diseases. The designer milk contains low fat and less lactose, more protein, modified level of fatty acids, and desired amino acid profiles.

Molecular mechanisms underlying protective role of quercetin in attenuating Alzheimer's disease.

Quercetin belongs to the flavonoids family, which is present in most of the plants including fruits, vegetables, green tea and even in red wine having antioxidant activities. It is available as a food supplement in the market and has physiological health effects. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-prostate activities along with its beneficial effects on high cholesterol, kidney transplantation, asthma, diabetes, viral infections, pulmonary, schizophrenia and cardiovascular diseases.

Improvement of the functionality of pancreatic Langerhans islets via reduction of bacterial contamination and apoptosis using phenolic compounds.

Objectives: During type-1 diabetes treating by pancreatic islet transplantation, increasing oxidative stress and microbial contaminations are the main reasons of transplantation failure. In this study, we evaluated anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of phenolic compounds called ellagic acid (EA) and silybin on rat pancreatic islets.

Materials And Methods: By doing MTT assay, effective concentrations of EA and silybin were determined as 1500 and 2100 μM, respectively.

Correction to: An evidence-based review of the genotoxic and reproductive effects of sulfur mustard.

This is with reference to the note of the Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Toxicology.

Comparative occurrence of diabetes in canine, feline, and few wild animals and their association with pancreatic diseases and ketoacidosis with therapeutic approach.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level raises that can result in severe complications. However, the incidence increased mostly by obesity, pregnancy, persistent corpus luteum, and diestrus phase in humans and animals. This review has focused on addressing the possible understanding and pathogenesis of spontaneous DM in canine, feline, and few wild animals.

Toxicity of Biologically Active Peptides and Future Safety Aspects: An Update.

Introduction: Peptides are fragments of proteins with significant biological activities. These peptides are encoded in the protein sequence. Initially, such peptides are inactive in their parental form, unless proteolytic enzymes are released.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors to treat melanoma alone or in combination with other kinase inhibitors.

Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive disease with a rapidly rising incidence due to neoplasm of melanocytes. Molecular targeted therapies have demonstrated lower toxicity and improved overall survival versus conventional therapies of MM. The revealing of mutations in the BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway has led to the development of BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib for the treatment of cutaneous MM.