Association Between Immunoglobulin E Levels and Kaposi Sarcoma in African Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

It has been demonstrated that activated mast cells (MCs) are enriched in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) tumors and contribute to the inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms driving MC activation, however, are incompletely understood. We sought to understand whether immunoglobulin E (IgE), a potent activator of MCs, was associated with KS incidence and severity.

Cadophora meredithiae and C. interclivum, new species from roots of sedge and spruce in a western Canada subalpine forest.

Two new species of Cadophora are described based on multigene phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic and ecological characters. The species delimitation was based on concordance of gene genealogies. The cultures of the Cadophora species were isolated from the roots of long-beaked sedge and white spruce from a subalpine forest in western Canada; however, they probably have a broader distribution because their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences have high similarity with a number of GenBank sequences from ecological studies of plant roots.