Predictors of Daytime Consequences of Insomnia: The Roles of Quantitative Criteria and Nonrestorative Sleep.

Background: The implications of removing nonrestorative sleep (NRS) and adding quantitative criteria in the most recent diagnostic criteria of insomnia disorder remain unresolved. The study was aimed to investigate how nighttime quantitative measures of sleep quality and NRS relate to daytime functioning in a general population sample.

Sampling And Methods: Data of 905 subjects (mean age = 47.

Sleep in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings in case-control studies.

Polysomnographic studies have been performed to examine the sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia, but the results are inconsistent. An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and moderator analysis was conducted. Major databases were searched without language restriction from 1968 to January 2014.

Identification of Chinese medicine syndromes in persistent insomnia associated with major depressive disorder: a latent tree analysis.

Background: Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome (zheng) differentiation is based on the co-occurrence of CM manifestation profiles, such as signs and symptoms, and pulse and tongue features. Insomnia is a symptom that frequently occurs in major depressive disorder despite adequate antidepressant treatment. This study aims to identify co-occurrence patterns in participants with persistent insomnia and major depressive disorder from clinical feature data using latent tree analysis, and to compare the latent variables with relevant CM syndromes.

The Experience of Chronic Insomnia in Chinese Adults: A Study Using Focus Groups and Insomnia Experience Diaries.

The subjective experience in 43 Chinese adults with chronic primary insomnia was assessed using focus groups and insomnia experience diaries. Participants recruited from the community and a sleep clinic were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR insomnia disorder and had sleep difficulties on 3 or more nights per week for at least 6 months. Six focus groups, of 6-8 participants each, were conducted; it was stopped as thematic saturation emerged in the last 2 groups.

Hypnotherapy for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of hypnotherapy for insomnia as compared to placebo, pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention, or no treatment.

Methods: A systematic search on major electronic databases was conducted up until March 2014. Inclusion criteria are: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs; (2) intervention targeted at improving sleep; (3) hypnosis as an intervention; and (4) English language articles.

Acupuncture for residual insomnia associated with major depressive disorder: a placebo- and sham-controlled, subject- and assessor-blind, randomized trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for residual insomnia and other residual symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: 150 participants having significant insomnia for more than 3 months and a history of MDD (both based on DSM-IV-TR criteria) were recruited from 4 psychiatric outpatient clinics in Hong Kong from May 2011 to August 2013 to receive 9 sessions of treatment over 3 weeks. They were randomized to receive acupuncture, minimal acupuncture, or placebo acupuncture.

Cross-cultural and comparative epidemiology of insomnia: the Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM), International classification of diseases (ICD) and International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD).

Objective: To compare the prevalence of insomnia according to symptoms, quantitative criteria, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th and 5th Edition (DSM-IV and DSM-5), International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), and International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICSD-2), and to compare the prevalence of insomnia disorder between Hong Kong and the United States by adopting a similar methodology used by the America Insomnia Survey (AIS).

Methods: Population-based epidemiological survey respondents (n = 2011) completed the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ), a validated scale generating DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICSD-2 insomnia disorder.

Results: The weighted prevalence of difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, waking up too early, and non-restorative sleep that occurred ≥3 days per week was 14.

Comparison of scoring methods for the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire in a general population sample.

Objective: The Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ) is a lay-administered, structured interview to derive insomnia disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) and research diagnostic criteria/International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (RDC/ICSD-2). The concordance between diagnoses derived from the BIQ and clinical interviews was only moderate and the prevalence estimates based on the BIQ were significantly different from estimates based on clinical interviews. We hypothesized that a modification of the scoring algorithm closer to the diagnostic criteria would improve the performance of the BIQ.

The use of conventional and complementary therapies for insomnia among Hong Kong Chinese: a telephone survey.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and utilization pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for insomnia in Hong Kong.

Methods: Respondents were selected from the general population and interviewed by telephone Their sleep was assessed by a Chinese version of the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ) and CAM use by a checklist. Prevalence findings were weighted by the BIQ insomnia diagnosis, age, and sex.

Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an increasingly popular treatment option for insomnia. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compile an up-to-date evaluation on the efficacy, adherence, acceptability and dropout rate of self-help CBT for insomnia. We systematically searched six key electronic databases up until May 2013.

Sleep-wake disturbance in interepisode bipolar disorder and high-risk individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Over the past decade, researchers have shifted focus from the manic and depressive episodes to the interepisode period in the study of sleep-wake disturbance in bipolar disorder. The objective of this systematic review was to compile and synthesize studies that employed sleep diary, actigraphy, polysomnography, and questionnaires to compare sleep-wake patterns in people with interepisode bipolar disorder or high-risk individuals vs. normal controls and/or people with primary insomnia.

Doxepin for insomnia: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Doxepin, a sedating tricyclic drug, at 3 mg and 6 mg doses was recently approved by the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of insomnia.

Assessment of fatigue using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objectives: There are problems with the fatigue measures currently used in depressed patients. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) covering general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and reduced motivation has been widely used in patients with cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. To address the multidimensional nature of fatigue, we examined the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the MFI-20 in major depressive disorder (MDD).

Validity and reliability of the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire in the general population in Hong Kong.

Objectives: The Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ) was first validated in the U.S. for insomnia disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) and research diagnostic criteria/International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (RDC/ICSD-2).

Randomized non-invasive sham-controlled pilot trial of electroacupuncture for postpartum depression.

Background: Postpartum depression affects 10-15% of mothers. Although acupuncture was efficacious for major depressive disorder in pregnancy and in women outside the perinatal period, there has been no randomized controlled study on the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of acupuncture for postpartum depression.

Methods: This was a randomized, subject- and assessor-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled trial.