Lung-Protective Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Despite the recommendation for lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPMV) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), there is a lack of robust supporting data and variable adherence in clinical practice. This study evaluates the impact of an LPMV protocol vs. standard care and adherence to LPMV elements on mortality.

Invasive fungal infections in critically ill children: epidemiology, risk factors and antifungal drugs.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important infectious complications amongst critically ill children. The most common fungal infections are due to species. , and are also emerging because of the empirical use of antifungal drugs.

Insights from Overviewing Selective International Guidelines for Pediatric Asthma.

Background: Asthma is a chronic atopic and inflammatory bronchial disease characterized by recurring symptoms and, episodic reversible bronchial obstruction and easily triggered bronchospasms. Asthma often begins in childhood. International guidelines are widely accepted and implemented; however, there are similarities and differences in the management approaches.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Infections in Critically-ill Paediatric Oncology Patients: A Retrospective Observation Study.

Purpose: The survival of paediatric oncology patients has improved substantially in the past decades due to advances in the field of oncology. Modern cancer treatments often come with life-threatening complications, of which infection is one of the most common causes in this patient population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and outcomes of common infections in haemato-oncology patients during their stay in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to identify any factors associated with these infections.

Hypertonic glucose pleurodesis for preterm neonates with chylothorax.

Chylothorax is a known complication of postcardiac surgery and the most common cause of pleural effusion in neonates. Conservative management is usually adopted, including Nil-per-Oral (NPO), treatment of underlying etiology of infection, and use of octreotide. Chylothorax resistant to medical therapy and drainage is often treated by chemical pleurodesis.

Impact of "Long Covid" on Children: Global and Hong Kong Perspectives.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spares no nation or city, and the virus is responsible for the escalating incidence and mortality worldwide.

Objective: This article reviews the impact of "Long Covid" on Children.

Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in December 2021 in Clinical Queries using the key terms "COVID-19" OR "long COVID".

Spinal muscular atrophy: Surviving respiratory failure, intensive care and pursuing creatively fulfilled life.

Introduction: Spinal muscular atrophy is a congenital condition associated with mutations in the SMN1 gene. Patients have normal intellectual development, but the natural history is progressive respiratory failure resulting in premature death.

Case: Diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 in early primary school, the wheelchair-bound girl developed severe pneumonia on one occasion, when she became critically ill and was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit with multiorgan dysfunction, requiring mechanical ventilation and high inotropic support.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Childhood Encephalopathy in a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Aim: Childhood encephalopathy comprises a wide range of etiologies with distinctive distribution in different age groups. We reviewed the pattern of encephalopathy admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary children's hospital.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records and reported the etiologies, clinical features, and outcomes of children with encephalopathy.

Experimental Drugs with the Potential to Treat Atopic Eczema.

Introduction: Eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing dermatosis characterized by pruritus and a significant impact on the quality of life.

Methods: The authors undertook a structured search of peer-reviewed research articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. Recent and up-to-date studies relevant to the topic were included.

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: From Suspicion to Diagnosis.

There are several well-described and studied autoimmune diseases that affect different organ systems, and a limited number of these affect the central nervous system. Autoimmune encephalitis represents a disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and different levels of severity, from mild cognitive impairment to complex encephalopathy. Immune-mediated encephalitis refers to a diverse and rare group of conditions in children associated with nonspecific symptomatology, altered mental state, and recalcitrant seizures.

Diagnostic Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Immunocompromised Children.

Results from early studies in the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in immunocompromised adults and children were variable. This prospective study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of BALs in immunocompromised children over the first 18 months of service at a newly established children's hospital. Relationship between BAL results and changes in antimicrobial management was also studied.

Practical Recommendations for the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in South and East Asia.

Introduction: There is some evidence to suggest that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Asia is rising. We have therefore developed an algorithm for the topical treatment of AD throughout South and East Asia for use by primary care physicians, pediatricians and dermatologists.

Methods: Nine AD experts from South and East Asia and one from Europe developed the algorithm based upon treatment guidelines, relevant literature and local treatment practices.

Effects of a self-efficacy theory-based parental education program on eczema control and parental outcomes.

Background: Eczema is the most common childhood skin problem worldwide. Education that enhances parental self-efficacy in carrying out appropriate eczema management is crucial to controlling eczema symptoms of their children. However, the lack of such a structured education program hinders everyday lives of eczematous children and their families.