Adaptive optics two-photon endomicroscopy enables deep-brain imaging at synaptic resolution over large volumes.

Optical deep-brain imaging in vivo at high resolution has remained a great challenge over the decades. Two-photon endomicroscopy provides a minimally invasive approach to image buried brain structures, once it is integrated with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens embedded in the brain. However, its imaging resolution and field of view are compromised by the intrinsic aberrations of the GRIN lens.

Shockwave exerts osteogenic effect on osteoporotic bone in an ovariectomized goat model.

Our recent in vitro study showed that extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) stimulated calcium deposition in human periosteal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of ESW could induce new bone formation in osteoporotic bone. Using our established osteoporotic goat model, the calcaneus, distal radius and femoral condyle of the left limb were treated with ESW once per month; the contralateral side served as the control.

Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration accelerates callus formation, mineralization, and fracture healing in rats.

Fracture healing is a biological regenerative process that follows a well-orchestrated sequence. Most healing is uneventful and enhancement of normal fracture healing is not commonly done, although it is clinically important in the recovery and regain of functions after fracture. This study investigated the osteogenic effect of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV, 35 Hz, 0.

Osteogenic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, extracorporeal shockwaves and their combination - an in vitro comparative study on human periosteal cells.

Our previous studies have shown that on human periosteal cells, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has an immediate stimulatory effect whereas extracorporeal shockwaves (ESW) have an delayed stimulatory effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined ESW and LIPUS treatment might provide additive or synergistic effects on periosteal cells, by using ESW to trigger a biological activity while using LIPUS to maintain the stimulated activity. Human periosteal cells were subjected to a single session of ESW treatment on day 0 and/or daily LIPUS treatments or no treatment (control).

Biomechanical study of an anthropometrically designed hip protector for older chinese women.

Biomechanical properties and compliance are 2 essential properties of hip protectors (HPs) that determine their clinical efficacy. This study describes the development of a HP that was anthropometrically designed according to anthropometric data from 68 older Chinese women and with attention paid to the biomechanical properties of the device. A simulated mechanical fall test using a drop weight and a force plate were set up to test the force attenuation properties of the HP.

An in vitro optimized injectable calcium phosphate cement for augmenting screw fixation in osteopenic goats.

This study reports the proportioning and standardized mixing procedures for preparing a hydroxylapatite cement (tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate) of desired viscosity and mechanical strength reproducibly for application in trauma surgery. The behavior and the biomechanical properties of the resulting bone cement in screw augmentation were then evaluated in our osteopenic goat model. The use of a shaker standardized the mixing procedure.

Delayed stimulatory effect of low-intensity shockwaves on human periosteal cells.

We investigated the effect of shockwaves on cells explanted from normal human periosteum to study the potential mechanisms of their responses and to determine suitable treatment settings. The cells were subjected to one shockwave treatment with systematic combinations of energy intensities (range, 0.05-0.