Effects of physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on vascular and executive function-A randomised cross-over trial.

Objectives: High sedentary behaviour is associated with adverse effects on central vascular function and cognitive function. Although interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of workplace sitting are intriguing, evidence of the efficacy of such interventions remains lacking. This randomised cross-over trial was aimed at exploring the effectiveness of prolonged sitting, with or without physical activity breaks, on central, peripheral vascular and cognitive function in adults.

Management of excessive gingival display with mucosal coronally positioned flap.

Objective: Current methods of managing excessive gingival display, an aesthetic concern, with gingivectomy, orthodontic intrusion, restorative dentistry and even botulinum toxin, have often been unsatisfactory. This study evaluates the efficacy of mucosal coronally positioned flap (MCPF) for reduction of gingival display.

Material And Methods: Eight healthy patients, above 18 years, with either short or hyperactive upper lip, gingival display ≥4 mm during smiling or vertical maxillary excess, were recruited into the study.

Gut mycobiomes are altered in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Studies have documented dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not known whether dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome of T2DM patients would be reflected in people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and if so, is the observed mycobiome dysbiosis similar in people with T2DM and DR. Gut mycobiomes were generated from healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM and people with DR through Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region.

Mycobiome changes in the vitreous of post fever retinitis patients.

Fungi have been associated with various diseases of the eye like keratitis, uveitis and endophthalmitis. Despite this fact, fungal microbiome (mycobiome) studies compared to the bacterial microbiome studies have remained neglected. In the present study, using metagenomic sequencing, the mycobiomes of the vitreous of healthy control individuals (VC, n = 15) and individuals with post fever retinitis + non-PFR uveitis (PFR+, n = 9) were analysed and compared.

Clinical Implication of Immunohaematological Tests in ABO haemolytic disease of newborn: Revisiting an old disease.

Objective: We aimed to assess the frequency distribution of of ABO haemolytic disease of newborn (ABO-HDN) and to know the predictive value of immunohaematological tests in identifying at risk neonates.

Background: ABO incompatibility, although a common cause of haemolytic disease of newborn, has several unaddressed issues related to it.

Material And Methods: A prospective study over 20 months was carried out in a tertiary care centre in South India.

Comparison of the Vitreous Fluid Bacterial Microbiomes between Individuals with Post Fever Retinitis and Healthy Controls.

Ocular microbiome research has gained momentum in the recent past and has provided new insights into health and disease conditions. However, studies on sight threatening intraocular inflammatory diseases have remained untouched. In the present study, we attempted to identify the bacterial microbiome associated with post fever retinitis using a metagenomic sequencing approach.

Relationship between Dental Caries Experience and Social Capital among Children - A Pilot Study.

Background: The effect of larger and distal environmental and societal factors on oral health is established and the concept of social capital (SC) is gaining importance.

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of dental caries (DC) experience of children with parental social SC.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 pairs of 5-12-year-old children and their parents of Kaloor (65 division), Kerala.

Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye.

Purpose: In this study, the gut fungal microbiome of uveitis (UVT) patients was generated and compared with healthy controls (HC) to identify dysbiosis in UVT patients and ascertain the role of gut fungal microbiome in disease pathology.

Methods: In the present study, gut fungal microbiomes were analyzed in the fecal samples of HC (n = 24) and UVT patients (n = 14) using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region of the fungal ribosomal RNA. QIIME and R software were used for data analysis.

The Human Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome.

Purpose: To enumerate the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy human eyes by using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: Tarsal and fornix conjunctiva from the lower and upper lids of both eyes of healthy individuals were swabbed in duplicate separately. A total of 34 samples were collected from both the eyes of 17 individuals, which were used for the generation of ocular surface fungal microbiomes by NGS.

Correction: Alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome in fungal Keratitis patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Survey of knowledge of school children towards the prevalence, severity, management of maxillofacial injuries, and rescue skills in the event of a dog bite.

Background: Maxillofacial injuries are reported commonly in children encountering animal/dog attack. The level of knowledge of children on such events can form a sound basis for the prevention of maxillofacial injuries resulting from dog bites/attacks.

Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge of children on maxillofacial injuries resulting from dog bites, their management, and rescue skills to be used during the event of a dog attack.

Dysbiosis in the Gut Bacterial Microbiome of Patients with Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye.

Uveitis (UVT), an inflammatory disease of the eye significantly contributes to vision impairment and blindness. Uveitis is associated with systemic infectious and autoimmune diseases, but in most cases, the aetiology remains unidentified. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders.

Alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome in fungal Keratitis patients.

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in several diseases including auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Keratitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye significantly contributing to corneal blindness in the developing world. It would be worthwhile to investigate the possibility of dysbiosis in the gut microbiome being associated with Keratitis.

Effect of plasma component transfusion on conventional coagulation screening tests.

Background: Conventional coagulation screening tests such as Prothrombin time, International normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time are often used to predict bleeding in various clinical situations. We aimed to observe the effect of Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) on these parameters.

Methods: Patients' demographics, pre- and post-transfusion coagulation parameters were noted to assess the level of correction.

Temporal Expression of Genes in Biofilm-Forming Ocular Candida albicans Isolated From Patients With Keratitis and Orbital Cellulitis.

Purpose: To study antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming potential of ocular isolates of Candida albicans along with gene expression.

Methods: Seven clinical isolates of C. albicans (keratitis-6 and orbital cellulitis-1) were evaluated.

The impact of lifestyles on the periodontal health of adults in Udupi district: A cross sectional study.

Objectives: (1) To assess the impact of different lifestyle factors on periodontal health of adults. (2) To assess the impact of overall/combined lifestyle variable (calculated by health practice index [HPI]) on periodontal health of adults.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire on HPI, oral health-related behavior, and personal habits as well as sociodemographic variables was conducted on 800 subjects aged 20-50 years attending dental outreach set-ups of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal.

Mobilization of patients in neurological Intensive Care Units of India: A survey.

Context: The rehabilitation needs of the patients in neurological Intensive Care Units (ICUs) vary from that of a medical ICU patient. Early mobilization is known to improve the various neurological outcomes in patients admitted to neurological ICUs, although little is known about the practice pattern among physiotherapists. The mobilization practice pattern may vary significantly than that of developed countries due to the reasons of differences in training of professionals, availability of equipment, and financial assistance by health insurance.

Measurement of muscle strength with handheld dynamometer in Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) acquired weakness is a common complication in critically ill patients affecting their prognosis. The handheld dynamometry is an objective method in detecting minimum muscle strength change, which has an impact on the physical function of ICU survivors. The minimal change in the force can be measured in units of weight such as pounds or kilograms.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Studying the Role of Dexamethasone in Scalp Nerve Blocks for Supratentorial Craniotomy.

Background: The aim of this double-blinded randomized control study was to examine the role of the steroid dexamethasone as an adjuvant to lignocaine and ropivacaine in scalp nerve blocks in adults undergoing supratentorial craniotomy under general anesthesia. We compared the intraoperative anesthetic and postoperative analgesic requirement with and without the addition of dexamethasone to the local anesthetics.

Methods: The consented 90 patients were randomized into 2 groups: one group received 8 mg (2 mL) of dexamethasone, whereas the other received 2 mL of normal saline along with the local anesthetics in the scalp nerve block administered soon after induction of general anesthesia.

Comparison of two walk tests in determining the claudication distance in patients suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) in terms of the initial onset of pain (IOP), maximal claudicating pain (MCP), maximum walking distance (MWD), initial ankle brachial index (IABI), post ankle brachial index (PABI), and difference in ankle brachial index (DFABI), as well as to correlate changes in IOP and MWD, MCP and MWD, IABI and MWD, PABI and MWD, and DFABI and MWD in the 6MWT and ISWT.

Materials And Methods: Participants (n = 19, 17 men and 2 women) were randomly allocated to the 6MWT or ISWT and crossed over to the other test after 24 hours. The baseline ankle brachial index (ABI) measurements were taken using the Doppler, following which the participants performed the tests.

Chest physiotherapy techniques in neurological intensive care units of India: A survey.

Context: Neurological intensive care units (ICUs) are a rapidly developing sub-specialty of neurosciences. Chest physiotherapy techniques are of great value in neurological ICUs in preventing, halting, or reversing the impairments caused due to neurological disorder and ICU stay. However, chest physiotherapy techniques should be modified to a greater extent in the neurological ICU as compared with general ICUs.

An evaluation of the Pi analysis in the assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship.

Objective: This study has investigated two new cephalometric variables, the Pi angle and Pi linear in the evaluation of anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, India

Subjects And Method: A sample of 155 subjects (mean age 19·7 years) were subdivided into skeletal class I, II and III groups based upon ANB angle.

Emended description of the genus Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al., 1998 and proposal of Rhodothalassiaceae fam. nov. and Rhodothalassiales ord. nov.

Five strains (JA325, JA389, JA473, JA563 and JA582) of Gram stain-negative, vibrioid to spiral shaped, phototrophic purple bacteria were isolated from solar salterns of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll-a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series as photosynthetic pigments. C(18:1)ω7c, C(18:1)ω7c 11-methyl and C(16:0) were the major fatty acids of all strains.

Cyclooxygenase-2-765G>C functional promoter polymorphism and its association with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Cyclooxygenase-2 is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, and has critical role in the progression of several malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: We designed a case-control study to evaluate the susceptibility of the functional -765G>C genetic variation in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the polymorphism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 150) patients and healthy controls (n = 150).