Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: The Link between Gut, Heart, and Kidneys.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a five times higher risk of gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) and mortality than the general population. Aortic stenosis (AS) has been associated with GIB from intestinal angiodysplasia. In this retrospective analysis, we obtained data from the 2012 and 2019 National Inpatient Sample.

Comparison of Two Waves of COVID-19 in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the global COVID-19 pandemic, with waxing and waning course. This study was conducted to compare outcomes in the first two waves, in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included all mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients above 18 years of age, between March 2020 and January 2021.

Central diabetes insipidus after total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy: A case report.

Postoperative polyuria due to diabetes insipidus (DI) is commonly reported complication of pituitary surgery. However, central DI postabdominal surgery is rare and related to unmasking of pre-existing DI or prolonged surgery with significant intraoperative blood loss. A thorough workup needs to be performed to exclude central DI in such patients.

Bilateral renal infarction with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report.

Acute renal infarction is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition with estimated incidence of 0.5-1.5%.

Minimal Change Disease After Elective Surgical Abortion: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy causes a physiological increase in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, which leads to a transient increase in urinary protein excretion. Up to 300 mg/d proteinuria is known to occur in pregnancy due to physiological changes. Proteinuria of greater than 3 g/d is categorized as being within the nephrotic range, and the most common cause of nephrotic range proteinuria in the later stages of pregnancy is preeclampsia.

Nontraumatic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Leading to Acute Kidney Injury in a Sickle Trait Positive Individual on Renal Biopsy.

A 26-year-old African American male with a history of congenital cerebral palsy, sickle cell trait, and intellectual disability presented with abdominal pain that started four hours prior to the hospital visit. The patient denied fever, chills, diarrhea, or any localized trauma. The patient was at a party at his community center last evening and danced for 2 hours, physically exerting himself more than usual.

Diabetic Muscle Infarction Masquerading as Necrotizing Fasciitis.

A 43-year-old male patient with past medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD), congestive heart failure (CHF), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and chronic anemia presented with complaints of left thigh pain. A computerized tomogram (CT) of the thigh revealed evidence of edema with no evidence of a focal collection or gas formation noted. The patient's clinical symptoms persisted and he underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of his thigh which was reported to show small areas of muscle necrosis with fluid collection.

Nephrologists Hate the Dialysis Catheters: A Systemic Review of Dialysis Catheter Associated Infective Endocarditis.

A 53-year-old Egyptian female with end stage renal disease, one month after start of hemodialysis via an internal jugular catheter, presented with fever and shortness of breath. She developed desquamating vesiculobullous lesions, widespread on her body. She was in profound septic shock and broad spectrum antibiotics were started with appropriate fluid replenishment.

A Rare Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis in Overcorrection of Hyponatremia with Total Parenteral Nutrition in Pregnancy.

A 42-year-old high risk pregnant female presented with hyponatremia from multiple causes and was treated with total parenteral nutrition. She developed acute hypernatremia due to the stage of pregnancy and other comorbidities. All the mechanisms of hyponatremia and hypernatremia were summarized here in our case report.

Tolvaptan in the treatment of acute hyponatremia associated with acute kidney injury.

Hyponatremia defined as a plasma sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L is a very common disorder, occurring in hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia often results from an increase in circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels and/or increased renal sensitivity to AVP, combined with an increased intake of free water. Hyponatremia is subdivided into three groups, depending on clinical history and volume status: hypovolemic, euvolemic, and hypervolemic.

Unpredictable nature of tolvaptan in treatment of hypervolemic hyponatremia: case review on role of vaptans.

Hyponatremia is one of the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities occurring in up to 22% of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia usually reflects excess water retention relative to sodium rather than sodium deficiency. Volume status and serum osmolality are essential to determine etiology.

Superior vena cava and right atrium wall infective endocarditis in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Infective endocarditis is significantly more common and causes greater morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis than in the general population. Episodes of bacteremia during hemodialysis are primarily the result of frequent vascular access through an arteriovenous fistula, a vascular graft, or an indwelling vascular catheter. This leads to dialysis access infection and secondary bacteremia.