Cardiometabolic risk assessment: A school-based study in Brazilian adolescent.

Background And Aims: Recently, new indices combining routine and low-cost anthropometric and biochemical measurements have emerged. Among them, the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are being investigated for the prediction of altered blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether visceral adiposity index (VAI) and height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP) are predictors of cardiometabolic risk in Brazilian adolescents.

Excess weight increases the risk of sarcopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Nutritional status influences the course of the disease, however, its relationship with sarcopenia needs further investigation. The aim of the study was to identify patients with sarcopenia and assess its association with nutritional status and the clinical course of the disease.

Food intake patterns and high blood pressure levels among Brazilians: a cross-sectional study, 2013.

Objective: To analyze association between patterns of food intake markers and high blood pressure levels among Brazilians.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using National Health Survey data. Its outcome was high blood pressure levels, measured during interviews between August and November 2013.

Evaluation of biomarkers related to zinc nutritional status, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is an important process related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and can be increased by the low intake of antioxidants. Zinc (Zn) is an important antioxidant trace-element for human health and the assessment of the nutritional status of this micronutrient in these patients is of relevance.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate Zn nutritional status in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to OS.

Inflammatory process of patients receiving parenteral nutrition is not exclusively responsible for low selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify if the selenium status of patients residing in locations with selenium-poor soil who receive parenteral nutrition (PN) without selenium supplementation is associated with the inflammatory process.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with hospitalized patients who started PN. The analyzed biochemical tests were plasma selenium, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), C-reactive protein, prealbumin, albumin, creatinine, lymphocytes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.

The redox balance of healthy Brazilian adults is associated with GPX1 Pro198Leu and -602A/G polymorphisms, selenium status, and anthropometric and lifestyle parameters.

Purpose: Considering that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of different health conditions, we aimed to evaluate whether the redox balance of a healthy Brazilian population is associated with GPX1 polymorphisms, selenium status, lipid profile, and anthropometric and lifestyle parameters.

Methods: 343 healthy adults were assessed for redox balance markers [glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC)]; genotyped for the polymorphisms GPX1 Pro198Leu (rs1050450), -602A/G (rs3811699) and Arg5Pro (rs8179169); evaluated for selenium biomarkers (plasma, erythrocyte, and urine) and intake; and assessed for lipid profile. Anthropometric (BMI) and lifestyle data (physical activity, current smoking habit and alcohol consumption) were collected.

Influence of liver transplantation in the nutritional profile of severe cirrhotic patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of liver transplantation in food intake and nutritional status of severe cirrhotic patients.

Methods: The sample consisted of 23 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Three 24-hour dietary recall were applied and anthropometric measurements were collected before and three months after transplantation.

Consumption of nutrients with antioxidant action and its relationship with lipid profile and oxidative stress in student users of a university restaurant.

Introduction: The relationship between diet and health has aroused scientific interest, especially the consumption of antioxidant nutrients naturally present in foods, because of its action against the deleterious effects of free radicals in the body.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and its relationship with lipid profile and oxidative stress in student users of a university restaurant in comparison with non-users.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 145 university students divided into two groups: users of the university restaurant (group 1, n = 73) and non-users (group 2, n = 72).

Association of reduced zinc status with poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study evaluated the relationship between the zinc-related nutritional status and glycemic and insulinemic markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 82 individuals with T2DM aged between 29 and 59 years were evaluated. The concentration of zinc in the plasma, erythrocytes, and urine was determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method.

GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion do not affect selenium and mercury status in mildly exposed Amazonian women in an urban population.

Mercury is potent toxicant element, but its toxicity can be reduced by forming a complex with selenium for safe excretion. Considering the impact of mercury exposure in the Amazon region and the possible interaction between these two elements, we aimed to assess the effects of Pro198Leu polymorphism to GPX1 and GSTM1 deletion, on mercury levels in a population from Porto Velho, an urban locality in the Brazilian Amazon region. Two hundred women from the capital city of Rondônia state were recruited for this study with 149 deemed suitable to participate.

Selenium inadequacy is not associated with oxidative stress in child and adolescent acute lymphocytic leukemia survivors.

Objective: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its subsequent treatment may provoke increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant status of children and adolescents who had received ALL therapy, and to test the hypothesis that selenium (Se) inadequacy is correlated with reduced defenses against oxidative stress in this population.

Methods: This case-control study involved 24 patients between ages 5 and 13 y who had been treated successfully for ALL (ALL group) and 60 children of similar age and socioeconomic background with no clinical history of leukemia (control group).

The role of selenoproteins in cancer.

Evidence has shown that metabolic disorders are common in tumor cells, leading to increased oxidative stress. The increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with low antioxidant activity has been related to several types of cancer. Selenium, an antioxidant micronutrient, may function as an antimutagenic agent, preventing the malignant transformation of normal cells.