Results of an independent evaluation of Project ALERT delivered in schools by Cooperative Extension.

Reported are results of an independent effectiveness study of the Project ALERT drug prevention program implemented in eight Pennsylvania middle schools by outside program leaders employed by Cooperative Extension. In this randomized, 2-cohort longitudinal evaluation, 1,649 seventh-grade students completed a pretest and four waves of posttests over the 2-year program and 1-year follow-up. Project ALERT's effectiveness was tested through a 3-level hierarchical linear model.

Beyond the schools: strategies for implementing successful drug prevention programs in community youth-serving organizations.

This article discusses why community-based youth-serving organizations are natural settings for drug prevention programming. Based on a three-year study of a school-based drug prevention program adapted to the Boys & Girls Club setting and serving high-risk youths, we identify organizational impediments to implementing a structured prevention program in youth organizations. We also present some strategies the clubs used to achieve success in a nonschool setting where program participation is voluntary.

Drug prevention in a community setting: a longitudinal study of the relative effectiveness of a three-year primary prevention program in boys & girls clubs across the nation.

Tested the effectiveness of a youth drug prevention program in a community setting. Boys & Girls Clubs of America's Stay SMART program, adapted from a school-based personal and social competence drug prevention program, was offered, with and without a 2-year booster program, to 13-year-old members of Boys & Girls Clubs. Over 27 months, (a) 5 Boys & Girls Clubs offered the Stay SMART program, (b) 5 Boys & Girls Clubs offered the Stay SMART program with the booster programs, and (c) 4 Boys & Girls Clubs served as a control group.

Urinary incontinence: nursing home staff reaction toward residents.

1. ISQ-SR is a reliable and valid tool to measure psychological stress associated with working with urinary incontinent patients. 2.

Simple urodynamic evaluation of incontinent elderly female nursing home patients. A descriptive analysis.

We present a descriptive analysis of the functional, mental, and urodynamic status of a population of incontinent elderly female nursing home patients. One hundred fifty-five intermediate care female patients with a mean age of 85.5 years were identified as being incontinent of urine at least once daily.

Cost effectiveness of training incontinent elderly in nursing homes: a randomized clinical trial.

This study used a randomized clinical trial with 133 incontinent elderly in seven nursing homes to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral training therapy and its cost implications. The training program lasted three months, and a 22-week follow-up period examined the durability of the treatment effect. The therapy became effective after six weeks of training.

Profile of urinary incontinent elderly in long-term care institutions.

This article presents a profile of incontinent elderly in long-term care institutions. One hundred thirty-three frail elderly women were recruited from seven nursing homes in central Pennsylvania for a three-year clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a behavioral therapy on urinary incontinence. All of the patients had more than one medical diagnosis.

The cost-effectiveness of disposable versus reusable diapers. A controlled experiment in a nursing home.

Because caring for incontinent elderly in nursing homes is so time-consuming and costly, this topic is of interest to nursing home administrators. A comparison of disposable products with reusable cloth diapers suggests that the disposable product used in the controlled study could save nursing homes approximately $161 to $248 per year per person. Although product costs were similar, the cost savings on laundry favored the disposable product.

Comparing nutrition programs conducted by public health and Cooperative Extension personnel.

We surveyed 218 county extension agents, 75 state extension specialists, 163 public health nutritionists, and 87 public health administrators in 16 states to compare the nutrition program characteristics of extension personnel with public health personnel. Public health personnel were most strongly influenced by funding regulations--more than 80% of public health nutritionists cited infant/preschool nutrition and nutrition for pregnant/lactating women as program topics. About half of the extension agents listed food preservation and preparation as the dominant topics provided.

A clinical trial of a behavioral therapy to reduce urinary incontinence in nursing homes. Outcome and implications.

One hundred thirty-three incontinent women in seven nursing homes were assigned randomly to a 13-week behavior therapy program for urinary incontinence or to a control group that received usual incontinence-related care. The therapy became effective after 6 weeks of training. By the final month of training, the treatment women's wet episodes had been reduced by 0.

The ISQ-P tool: measuring stress associated with incontinence.

1. ISQ-P is a useful tool in measuring psychological stress associated with urinary incontinence. 2.

Predictability of pregnancy outcome in preterm delivery.

Multivariate models have great potential value in enhancing the understanding of why some pregnancies have poor outcomes. Recently, such models have been advocated as a basis for predictive scoring systems that attempt to classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. In this report the usefulness of such an approach was assessed by studying the predictability of preterm delivery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital during 1980, using a multiple logistic model.

Premature rupture of membranes and spontaneous preterm labor: maternal endometritis risks.

Preterm and term deliveries were analyzed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 1, 1976, through December 31, 1977, to determine maternal infection risks associated with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). Gravidas who delivered preterm infants demonstrated an increased incidence of endometritis with or without PROM. The risk of endometritis attributable solely to PROM was insignificant compared with the risk attributable to preterm delivery.

Premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor: neonatal infection and perinatal mortality risks.

The purpose of this study was to analyze neonatal infection rates and perinatal mortality in births complicated by premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and spontaneous labor before term (less than 37 weeks' gestation). Neonatal infection occurred more commonly in preterm compared with term infants. The risk of infection due solely to PROM was insignificant compared with the risk attributable to preterm birth.

Epidemiology of preterm delivery.

1. Defining prematurity as applying to LBW infants of less than 37 weeks' gestation and classifying those LBW infants of greater than 37 weeks as having IUGR provides an improved means of analyzing different risk factors. 2.

Effects of decreased prenatal activity in patients with twin pregnancy.

In an attempt to reduce perinatal mortality in twin gestation, patients in whom the diagnosis was made prenatally were urged to remain in the hospital at reduced activity until the 36th week of pregnancy. Seventy patients accepted this therapy during the years 1964-1975. The perinatal mortality appeared to be reduced and a major benefit was noted in increased fetal weights.

Patients at high risk for low-birth-weight delivery.

A retrospective analysis of 8,839 singleton deliveries was undertaken to determine the relationships of maternal age, maternal hemoglobin concentrations, and past obstetric performance to the incidence of low-birth-weight (LBC) delivery. Patients under 19 years of age and patients with hemoglobin values less than 9.0 Gm.