Genotypic and allelic frequencies of SULT1A1 polymorphisms in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.

Human sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) is involved in the metabolism of a number of substances including 4-hydroxytamoxifen. It has been shown that patients who are homozygous for the variant SULT1A1 *2/*2 have lower catalytic activity. Previous data has suggested that patients with this particular genotype may be at a greater risk of developing breast cancer or not responding to tamoxifen therapy.

Smallpox: residual antibody after vaccination.

Of all the microorganisms and toxins, poxviruses (Orthopoxvirus) have the greatest potential for use by terrorists. These viruses can spread rapidly through the environment following initial infection. In 1980, the World Health Organization Eradication Program discontinued vaccination for smallpox and declared that the disease had been eliminated.

Viral infections of nonhuman primates.

Approximately 53,000 serologic tests and viral isolation studies were performed on 1,700 nonhuman primate specimens for evidence of past and/or current viral infection. Information, other than the requested test, generally was not provided with the specimen. This lack of information does not permit any attempt at interpretation of results.

Detection of Ebola-Reston (Filoviridae) virus antibody by dot-immunobinding assay.

Thirty human and nonhuman primate sera tested at the Centers for Disease Control by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA), and Western blotting were retested at the Virus Reference Laboratory, Inc. by the dot-immunobinding assay (DIA). The Ebola-Reston strain of virus received from the Centers for Disease Control was prepared into a suitable DIA antigen as described for other antigens.

Screening donors for xenotransplantation. The potential for xenozoonoses.

Xenotransplantation is a potential solution to the current donor shortage for solid organ transplantation. The transmission of infectious agents from donor organs or bone marrow to the recipient is a well-recognized phenomenon following allotransplantation. Thus the prospect of xenotransplantation raises the issue of xenozoonoses--i.

Phase I clinical trial of taxotere administered as either a 2-hour or 6-hour intravenous infusion.

Purpose: To determine the potential efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity of taxotere, a hemisynthetic inhibitor of tubulin depolymerization.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-eight patients were administered taxotere in this phase I clinical trial as a 6-hour or a 2-hour infusion repeated every 21 days. Forty patients received 181 courses on the 6-hour infusion schedule, and 18 patients received 105 courses on the 2-hour infusion schedule.

Detection of antibody to immunodeficiency viruses by dot immunobinding assay.

The dot immunobinding assay (DIA), a modified enzyme immunoassay (EIA), has been demonstrated to be a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of antibody to a number of viruses. Different laboratory procedures are available for detecting antibody to the immunodeficiency viruses; however, these procedures require a certain amount of sophisticated equipment and trained personnel. Further, commercial kits for detecting antibody to human immunodeficiency virus, as now available, are not easy to use in the nonlaboratory setting.

Detection and titration of measles virus antibody by hemagglutination inhibition and by dot immunobinding.

Measles continues to be a major disease of both human and nonhuman primates. The dot immunobinding assay, a modified enzyme immunoassay, permits the detection of measles virus antibody in the nonlaboratory setting with either serum or whole blood collected on filter paper.

The evolutionary watershed of susceptibility to gonococcal infection.

Gonococci do not cause genital infection in any convenient experimental animal, but all too easily cause genital infection in humans. To determine the 'evolutionary watershed' of gonococcal infections (the point on the evolutionary tree at which susceptibility to gonococcal infection begins) we extended previous studies of the interaction of gonococci with animal oviduct mucosa to include chimpanzees and baboons. Gonococci attached to, damaged, and invaded the oviduct (fallopian tube) mucosa of chimpanzees (which are apes) but not the oviduct mucosa of baboons (which are monkeys).

Primate viral diseases in perspective.

The recent occurrence of fatal Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) infection in human subjects has again focused the attention of primatologists on this virus. B virus, however, is only one of a number of viral diseases that plays a role in primate colony management. This report is to emphasize to the primatologist a number of viruses other than H.

Viral battery testing in nonhuman primate colony management.

Good colony management is associated with monitoring of animals for infectious agents. Of major current concern are B virus and simian AIDS (SAIDS) viruses. However, other viral agents frequently cause serious disease outbreaks which can be avoided if their presence is detected sufficiently early.

The collection of blood on filter paper and its use in the dot-immunobinding assay (DIA) for detection of antibody.

The ability to collect whole blood directly onto filter paper pre-cut to the size used in the dot-immunobinding assay (DIA) is a practical adjunct to this procedure. Its applicability for field studies is suggested.

Dot immunobinding assay compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid and specific detection of retrovirus antibody induced by human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A rapid, specific, and sensitive modification of the dot immunobinding assay was compared with the standard enzyme immunoassay as a screening procedure for the detection of antibody in human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Comparative testing with the available enzyme immunoassay procedures, either in commercial kit form or as provided by diagnostic laboratories, indicated excellent correlation. Ease of operation and cost are key features of the dot immunobinding assay procedure.

Acridine-orange flow cytometry of urinary bladder washings for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The influence of prior local therapy.

Analysis of cellular DNA and RNA contents of 249 bladder irrigation specimens from 129 patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder was performed using acridine-orange flow cytometry (FCM). Washings from patients with prior intravesical chemotherapy or radiation therapy were compared to those from patients with no history of treatment other than tumor resection to evaluate the reliability of FCM for the detection of tumor and the influence of prior local therapy on that reliability. Five FCM patterns were defined on the basis of DNA and RNA indexes in relationship to peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Flow cytometry of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: influence of prior local therapy.

A review of acridine-orange DNA and RNA flow cytometry (FCM) histograms of 249 bladder irrigation specimens from 129 patients with a previous history of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) reveals that aneuploidy and tetraploidy (greater than 10% of total cell population) are reliable markers to detect the presence of bladder tumor in patients treated by surgical resection of tumor only. Tetraploidy is unreliable when the patient received intravesical chemotherapy or radiation therapy but aneuploidy remains accurate. A comparison of the reliability of FCM compared with cytology indicates an overall lower sensitivity and specificity for FCM (respectively, 52% and 73%) as opposed to cytology (respectively, 62% and 92%).

Serodiagnosis of rabies by dot immunobinding assay.

A dot immunobinding assay that uses inactivated antigen for the detection of rabies viral antibodies was compared with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Results of testing pre- and postvaccination sera from humans (n = 33) and canines (n = 22) were identical for both tests. Endpoint titers of positive sera also were approximately the same by both methods.

A dot-immunobinding assay on nitrocellulose with psoralen inactivated Herpesvirus simiae (B virus).

An enzyme-immunoassay performed with Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) and H. simplex antigens inactivated with a psoralen derivative and long-wavelength ultraviolet light irradiation is described. Although B virus is a known human pathogen requiring extreme care in its handling, the use of inactivated antigens in the test allows its performance without biosafety containment.

Long-term results of treatment of patients with follicular lymphomas.

The management of patients with follicular lymphoma is controversial, particularly in those with follicular small cleaved cell (FSCC) or nodular poorly differentiated lymphoma (NPDL). Some advocate no treatment until symptoms arise, while others prefer to treat with intensive combination regimens and others with single agents. We reviewed the long-term effects of two types of combination chemotherapy on relapse-free survival and survival on 91 patients (88 were stages III-IV) who had received no previous chemotherapy.

Cell-mediated immunity in cat-scratch disease.

The importance of cell-mediated immunity in cat-scratch disease (CSD) is suggested by the positive skin test reactions and granulomatous histopathology noted in patients with this disease. However, an earlier investigation found that lymphocytes from patients with CSD and control subjects were equally unresponsive in vitro to cat-scratch antigen. In contrast, we found that 16 patients with CSD had significantly increased lymphocyte transformation responses to cat-scratch antigen when patients were compared to control subjects.

Dot immunobinding assay of viral antigen and antibodies.

A dot-immunobinding assay for the rapid and specific detection of viral antibody as well as the identification of a virus is described. Based on the use of nitrocellulose membranes for the adsorption of viral protein, this test may be used to detect the presence of virus antibody or identify an isolate within 4 to 6 hours. Use of goat anti-human IgG-alkaline phosphatase followed by a naphthol-AS-MX-phosphate: Fast Red substrate permits visual detection of a positive reaction.

Herpes simplex virus complement fixing antibody and herpes B virus serum neutralizing antibody in sera of wild and laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys.

The result of the complement fixation (CF) test for the antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sera of the cynomolgus monkeys was compared with that of the neutralization test (NS) for the antibody to herpes B virus (HBV) in the same sera. Fifty-seven (74%) of 77 wild-originated monkeys were positive for HSV-CF, while 65 (84%) of the 77 animals were positive for HBV-SN. All of the 57 CF positive cases were also positive for HBV-SN.