Does blame always shift? Examining the impact of workplace safety communication language on post-accident blame attributions for multiple entities.

The under-researching of Latinx employees in the organizational diversity literature is of critical importance as extant research indicates that findings relevant to frequently studied minority employees may not be applicable to Latinx employees. One factor that differentiates Latinx employees in the U.S.

Long-Term, All-Day Exposure to Circadian-Effective Light Improves Sleep, Mood, and Behavior in Persons with Dementia.

Background: Persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) frequently experience sleep-wake (circadian) cycle disturbances that lead them to remain awake at night, causing stress and fatigue for families and caregivers. Light therapy shows promise as a nonpharmacological treatment for regulating sleep in this population.

Objective: We investigated the long-term impact of a circadian-effective lighting intervention on sleep, mood, and behavior problems in persons with ADRD.

Effects of a Tailored Lighting Intervention on Sleep Quality, Rest-Activity, Mood, and Behavior in Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Study Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of a lighting intervention tailored to maximally affect the circadian system as a nonpharmacological therapy for treating problems with sleep, mood, and behavior in persons with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods: This 14-week randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial administered an all-day active or control lighting intervention to 46 patients with ADRD in 8 long-term care facilities for two 4-week periods (separated by a 4-week washout). The study employed wrist-worn actigraphy measures and standardized measures of sleep quality, mood, and behavior.

Effects of red light on sleep inertia.

Sleep inertia, broadly defined as decrements in performance and lowering of alertness following waking, lasts for durations ranging between 1 min and 3 hrs. This study investigated whether, compared to a dim light condition (the control), exposure to long-wavelength (red) light delivered to closed eyelids during sleep (red light mask) and to eyes open upon waking (red light goggles) reduced sleep inertia. Thirty participants (18 females, 12 males; mean age=30.

Reconsidering the Role of Design Standards in Developing Effective Safety Labeling: Monolithic Recipes or Collections of Separable Features?

Objective: This research investigated whether safety labeling design guidelines, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535 series, contribute to better warnings.

Background: Studies investigating the impact of safety label formatting on warning effectiveness have produced mixed findings. Additionally, research has failed to find a consistent relationship between measures of predicted and actual compliance.

Effect of presentation modality in direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug television advertisements.

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) drug advertising markets medications requiring a physician's script to the general public. In television advertising, risk disclosures (such as side effects and contraindications) may be communicated in either auditory (voice) or visual (text) or both in the commercials. This research examines presentation modality factors affecting the communication of the risk disclosures in DTC prescription drug television commercials.

Quantitative description of the workload associated with airway management procedures.

Study Objectives: To measure the workload associated with specific airway management tasks.

Setting And Intervention: Written survey instrument.

Patients: 166 Stanford University and 75 University of California, San Diego, anesthesia providers.

Morphine increases intake of beer among rats.

Rats were maintained on a daily regimen of 22 h of water deprivation followed by a 2-h opportunity to take water and sweetened alcoholic beverage containing 12% ethanol. After 30 days, the alcoholic beverage was changed to beer containing either 3% or 6% ethanol. After 20 daily sessions with beer, they received, before the next session, an injection of saline.

Beer versus mixed-drink consumption at fraternity parties: a time and place for low-alcohol alternatives.

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measurements were taken of university students entering and exiting three fraternity parties: during each party, the rates of drinking beer and mixed drinks were monitored. The parties choose beer or mixed drinks to consume exclusively throughout the evening at no cost. Unbeknownst to the subjects, the following conditions were manipulated across successive parties: (1) at the first party (64 males and 43 females) the beer alternative had standard alcohol content (i.

Knowing when to say when: a simple assessment of alcohol impairment.

The use of writing samples as indices of alcohol impairment was explored. Students at a campus fraternity party wrote a sentence and their signatures before and after consuming alcohol (in beer and mixed drinks). Later, undergraduate and graduate students attempted to discriminate between pre- and postparty handwriting samples.

Experimental analysis and extinction of self-injurious escape behavior.

Three studies are presented in which environmental correlates of self-injurious behavior were systematically examined and later used as the basis for treatment. In Study 1, 7 developmentally disabled subjects were exposed to a series of conditions designed to identify factors that maintain self-injurious behavior: attention contingent on self-injurious behavior (positive reinforcement), escape from or avoidance of demands contingent on self-injurious behaviour (negative reinforcement), alone (automatic reinforcement), and play (control). Results of a multielement design showed that each subject's self-injurious behavior occurred more frequently in the demand condition, suggesting that the behavior served an avoidance or escape function.

Behavioral covariation in the treatment of chronic pain.

The successful use of operant procedures to alter behaviors associated with various medical conditions suggests that such behaviors may be learned and that the principles of learning may be applied not only to treatment but also to the study of the pathogenesis of illness behavior. The present study, conducted within an ongoing neuromuscular research project, assessed the covariation of behaviors associated with chronic pain within and across behavioral and drug approaches to treatment. Problems of screaming and five other behaviors (including self-reports of pain) were measured across conditions of varying behavioral contingencies (noncontingent reinforcement vs the removal of reinforcement contingent upon screaming) and varying administration (time since medication and dosage) of Parsidol during attempts to treat the muscle pain of a 24-year-old male with a severe, chronic neuromuscular disorder diagnosed as dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD).

Polysomnography of torsion dystonia.

Nocturnal EEG, electro-oculograms, and electromyograms were studied in nine patients with dystonia musculorum deformans and in nine healthy controls. Electrodes were placed over frontal, central, and occipital regions in accordance with the international 10-20 system of electrode placement. A standard bipolar montage was used for the recordings, and records were scored independently in accordance with the manual of Rechtschaffen and Kales.

Case report: polysomnographic effects of thalamotomy for torsion dystonia.

We report a patient with torsion dystonia whose polysomnographic recordings revealed poor sleep and a pronounced and almost continuous type of spindle activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep was also reduced. These changes proved to be independent of medications.

Polysomnographic findings in dystonia musculorum deformans.

Twenty-five cases from the literature and four personal cases with dystonia musculorum deformans are described. The polysomnographic EEG findings of severely involved patients were characterized by over abundance of stage 2 sleep, with a characteristic pattern of spindle activity, increased latency to sleep, and reduced sleep efficiency. The similarities between these patients may underscore the importance of sleep spindles as a feature of the dystonia process and may be useful in the investigation of other basal ganglia disorders.