Association of angiotensinogen gene SNPs and haplotypes with risk of hypertension in eastern Indian population.

Background: Angiotensinogen (AGT) enzyme comprises a vital module of RAAS system that effectively controls the blood pressure and related cardiovascular functions. Ample association studies have reported the importance of AGT variants in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adversities. But lately, owing to the complexity of the many anomalies, the haplotype based examination of genetic variation that facilitates the identification of polymorphic sites which are located in the vicinity of the causative polymorphic site, gets greater appreciation.

Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001-2006.

Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions.

Molecular evidence favouring step-wise evolution of Mozambique Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid strain.

The ctxAB operon, encoding cholera toxin (CT) in Vibrio cholerae, is carried by the genome of a filamentous phage, CTXPhi. Usually, specific CTXPhi infect each of the two important biotypes, classical and El Tor, of epidemic V. cholerae strains belonging to serogroup O1, and are called CTX(class)Phi and CTX(ET)Phi, respectively.

Small chromosomal integration site of classical CTX prophage in Mozambique Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strain.

An unusual strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor harbouring multiple tandem copies of classical CTX prophage caused a cholera epidemic in Mozambique in 2004. However, the location of the classical CTX prophage in the genome of the Mozambique strain was unknown. In this study, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the whole genome along with Southern hybridization experiments indicated that the classical CTX prophage present in the Mozambique strain is located in the small chromosome.