Effect of alcohol consumption on bone mineral density and hormonal parameters in physically active male soldiers.

Background: Previous studies on the influence of alcohol intake and smoking on bone mineral density (BMD) in men are inconsistent and the effect of these variables on BMD in physically active men is yet to be explored.

Objective: To investigate the influence of alcohol intake and smoking on BMD in a cohort of males with well-defined lifestyle conditions.

Design: Men from the armed forces (n=400) having uniform and defined routines were enrolled.