Salivary Cortisol Concentration Is an Objective Measure of the Physiological Response to Loud Music.

: This study examines the potential associations between salivary cortisol concentrations and subjective stress test scores in healthy individuals subjected to sound-related, psychological, and physical stressors. : This study employed a single-center observational cross-sectional design, with a sample size of 36 subjects recruited from a tertiary referral audiology center. Between 2023 and 2024, the study recruited subjects with normal hearing, baseline salivary cortisol levels, and subjective stress levels.

Local allergic rhinitis - a narrative review.

This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date definition of local allergic rhinitis (LAR), its classification, mechanisms, comorbidities, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and define needs in this area. Both 'PubMed' and 'Science Direct' literature was reviewed systematically, and a manual search for studies not previously encountered in the databases was also carried out. Published studies were identified in PubMed covering the period from 1947 to 2022.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND INTENSITY OF ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINITIS AND CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS.

Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis (CR and CRS) can lead to impairment of the health-related quality of life (HRQL) with higher psychological perceived distress, resulting in disease worsening and poor treatment outcomes. W aimed to evaluate the potential association between disease severity and HRQL impairment with the perceived acute psychological distress in newly diagnosed CR/CRS patients. This single-center cross-sectional study included otherwise healthy consecutive adults with newly diagnosed CR/CRS (European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyp criteria and International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology - Allergic Rhinitis criteria or non-allergic rhinitis), who were evaluated for CR/CRS symptom severity and HRQL (Sino Nasal Outcome Test 22 [SNOT-22], visual analog scale [VAS]) and acute perceived distress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]).

From Selye's and Szabo's Cysteamine-Duodenal Ulcer in Rats to Dopamine in the Stomach: Therapy Significance and Possibilities.

We reviewed gastric ulcer healing by dopamine considering several distinctive duodenal key points. Selye and Szabo describe the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats as a duodenal stress ulcer in patients. Szabo's cysteamine duodenal ulcer as the dopamine duodenal healing and cysteamine as a dopamine antagonist signifies the dopamine agonists anti-ulcer effect and dopamine antagonists ulcerogenic effect.

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy: Effect on Reperfusion Following Maintained Intra-Abdominal Hypertension (Grade III and IV) in Rats.

Given in reperfusion, the use of stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is an effective therapy in rats. It strongly counteracted, as a whole, decompression/reperfusion-induced occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome following the worst circumstances of acute abdominal compartment and intra-abdominal hypertension, grade III and grade IV, as well as compression/ischemia-occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. Before decompression (calvariectomy, laparotomy), rats had long-lasting severe intra-abdominal hypertension, grade III (25 mmHg/60 min) (i) and grade IV (30 mmHg/30 min; 40 mmHg/30 min) (ii/iii), and severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome.

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy for Inferior Caval Vein Embolization: Recovery of Sodium Laurate-Post-Embolization Syndrome in Rats.

After inferior caval vein embolization therapy, post-embolization syndrome (sodium laurate 10 mg/kg, 0.1 mL into rat inferior caval vein, assessment at 15, 30, 60 min, prime lung lesions, thromboemboli occluding lung vessels), as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, might be resolved as a whole by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. At 5 min after laurate injection, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was implemented as therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg intraperitoneally or intragastrically).

Consensus criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis disease control: an international Delphi Study.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control is a global metric of disease status for CRS. While there is broad acceptance that it is an important treatment goal, there has been inconsistency in the criteria used to define CRS control. The objective of this study was to identify and develop consensus around essential criteria for assessment of CRS disease control.

In situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nose-to-brain delivery: development, characterization and deposition studies in a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model.

The nasal route has been investigated as a promising alternative for drug delivery to the central nervous system, avoiding passage through the blood-brain barrier and improving bioavailability. In this sense, it is necessary to develop and test the effectiveness of new formulations proposed for the management of neurological disorders. Thereby, the aim of this work was to develop and characterize an ion sensitive in situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy.

Stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect.

Background: Using rat stomach perforation as a prototypic direct lesion applied in cytoprotection research, we focused on the first demonstration of the severe occlusion/ occlusion-like syndrome induced by stomach perforation. The revealed stomach-induced occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome corresponds to the previously described occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes in rats suffering multicausal pathology and shared severe vascular and multiorgan failure. This general point was particularly reviewed.

Antiarrhythmic Sotalol, Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndrome in Rats, and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy.

We focused on the first demonstration that antiarrhythmics, particularly class II and class III antiarrhythmic and beta-blocker sotalol can induce severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in rats. In this syndrome, as in similar syndromes with permanent occlusion of major vessels, peripheral and central, and other similar noxious procedures that severely disable endothelium function, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-collateral pathways activation, was a resolving therapy. After a high dose of sotalol (80 mg/kg intragastrically) in 180 min study, there were cause-consequence lesions in the brain (swelling, intracerebral hemorrhage), congestion in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, severe bradycardia, and intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension, and widespread thrombosis, peripherally and centrally.

Chitosan-Based Thermogelling System for Nose-to-Brain Donepezil Delivery: Optimising Formulation Properties and Nasal Deposition Profile.

Donepezil nasal delivery strategies are being continuously investigated for advancing therapy in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based, donepezil-loaded thermogelling formulation tailored to meet all the requirements for efficient nose-to-brain delivery. A statistical design of the experiments was implemented for the optimisation of the formulation and/or administration parameters, with regard to formulation viscosity, gelling and spray properties, as well as its targeted nasal deposition within the 3D-printed nasal cavity model.

Innate Vascular Failure by Application of Neuroleptics, Amphetamine, and Domperidone Rapidly Induced Severe Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndromes in Rats and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy.

Even before behavioral disturbances, neuroleptics, amphetamine, and domperidone application rapidly emerged severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, shared innate vascular and multiorgan failure in rats, comparable to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome described with vessel(s) occlusion or similar noxious procedures application. As therapy, i.e.

UNILATERAL VS. DIFFUSE CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a widespread disease with various symptoms. It is defined as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses lasting for 12 weeks, with symptoms of nasal obstruction and/or congestion and facial pain and/or pressure as well as decreased sense of smell. Despite the widespread prevalence of the disease, the diagnosis and treatment of CRS are still not adequately developed, so many patients remain misdiagnosed.

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain-Gut Axis and Gut-Brain Axis Function.

Conceptually, a wide beneficial effect, both peripherally and centrally, might have been essential for the harmony of brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function. Seen from the original viewpoint of the gut peptides' significance and brain relation, the favorable stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 evidence in the brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function might have been presented as a particular interconnected network. These were the behavioral findings (interaction with main systems, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant effect, counteracted catalepsy, and positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms models).

The intranasal trigeminal system: roles in rhinitis (allergic and non-allergic).

The aim of this paper is to review intranasal trigeminal system and associated reflexes. The literature survey was performed on PubMed, ProQuest Central database of Kirikkale University and Google Scholar. The intranasal trigeminal system and associated reflexes play an important role in humans in both health and disease, including in rhinitis of non-allergic and mixed type.

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, and Thrombosis Presentation.

In heart disturbances, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 especial therapy effects combine the therapy of myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension arrhythmias, and thrombosis prevention and reversal. The shared therapy effect occurred as part of its even larger cytoprotection (cardioprotection) therapy effect (direct epithelial cell protection; direct endothelium cell protection) that BPC 157 exerts as a novel cytoprotection mediator, which is native and stable in human gastric juice, as well as easily applicable. Accordingly, there is interaction with many molecular pathways, combining maintained endothelium function and maintained thrombocytes function, which counteracted thrombocytopenia in rats that underwent major vessel occlusion and deep vein thrombosis and counteracted thrombosis in all vascular studies; the coagulation pathways were not affected.

Tailoring functional spray-dried powder platform for efficient donepezil nose-to-brain delivery.

Shortcomings of oral donepezil administration in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have paved the way for ongoing investigations towards more efficient and safe donepezil nose-to-brain delivery. Herein we present the development of advantageous powder platform for donepezil nose-to-brain delivery, coupling careful design of chitosan and mannitol-based carrier matrix with spray-drying technology advantages and early consideration of adequate nasal administration mode, employing QbD approach. Unprecedentedly, ultrasonic nozzle was used to atomise the drying feed in response to size-related requirements for nasal aerosol particles.

Therapy Effect of the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on Acute Pancreatitis as Vascular Failure-Induced Severe Peripheral and Central Syndrome in Rats.

We revealed the therapy effect of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg ig or po) with specific activation of the collateral rescuing pathways, the azygos vein, on bile duct ligation in particular, and acute pancreatitis as local disturbances (i.e., improved gross and microscopy presentation, decreased amylase level).

The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Conditions.

The history of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is indeed a long one, beginning from the ancient Ayurvedic practices and gaining a foothold in the west at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, there is a growing number of papers covering the effects of SNI, from in vitro studies to randomized clinical trials and literature overviews. Based on the recommendations of most of the European and American professional associations, seawater, alone or in combination with other preparations, has its place in the treatment of numerous conditions of the upper respiratory tract (URT), primarily chronic (rhino)sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, acute URT infections and postoperative recovery.

In situ gelling nanosuspension as an advanced platform for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery.

In this work we present the development of in situ gelling nanosuspension as advanced form for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery. Drug nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling technique. Incorporation of drug nanocrystals into polymeric in situ gelling system with pectin and sodium hyaluronate as constitutive polymers was fine-tuned attaining appropriate formulation surface tension, viscosity and gelling ability.

Novel insight into Robert's cytoprotection: complex therapeutic effect of cytoprotective pentadecapeptide pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats with perforated stomach throughout modulation of nitric oxide-system. Comparison with L-arginine, ranitidine and pantoprazole therapy and L-N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester worsening.

Surgically perforated stomach (since direct injury in rats until persisting defect and huge adhesions (day 1, day 7)) fairly represent an unresolved cytoprotection issue, and thereby, we focused resolving of the immediate triad, particular vascular failure (vessels 'disappear'/empty), prolonged bleeding, debilitated defect large widening. Agents (mg/kg) or saline (controls) were given at 1 min post-injury as an abdominal bath (10 ml/rat throughout 2 min). Within 1 - 15 min post-injury period, with cytoprotective BPC 157 (0.

A Dry Powder Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dexamethasone: Formulation Development and Nasal Deposition Studies.

Nasal route of administration offers a unique opportunity of brain targeted drug delivery via olfactory and trigeminal pathway, providing effective CNS concentrations at lower doses and lower risk for adverse reactions compared to systemic drug administration. Therefore, it has been recently proposed as a route of choice for glucocorticoids to control neuroinflammation processes in patients with severe Covid-19. However, appropriate delivery systems tailored to enhance their efficacy yet need to emerge.

Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19.

Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented. We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application.