Evaluation of aqueous chlorine and peracetic acid sanitizers to inactivate protozoa and bacteria of concern in agricultural water.

Unlabelled: Agricultural water is a potential source of microbial contamination whereby and can enter the food supply. To reduce this risk, effective sanitization of agricultural water may be critical to food safety. As such, it is important to investigate the effects of aqueous peracetic acid (PAA) and chlorine (Cl) on bacteria and protozoa at different treatment times and temperatures in agricultural water with respect to key water characteristics.

Zero-Valent Iron and Sand Filtration Reduces Levels of Surrogates, and , in Water.

Recurring outbreaks of cyclosporiasis linked to fresh produce demonstrate the need to develop interventions to reduce in irrigation water. is resistant to commonly used irrigation water treatments, such as chemical sanitizers, making removal of oocysts by filtration the most suitable intervention. This study evaluated the reduction of and , as surrogates for , in water using filters packed with sand alone or mixtures of sand and zero-valent iron (ZVI).

Simulated microgravity facilitates stomatal ingression by Salmonella in lettuce and suppresses a biocontrol agent.

As human spaceflight increases in duration, cultivation of crops in spaceflight is crucial to protecting human health under microgravity and elevated oxidative stress. Foodborne pathogens (e.g.

Evaluation of White Rot Fungus to Control Growth of Escherichia coli in Cattle Manure.

Biological soil amendments of animal origin, such as aqueous dairy manure, may be contaminated with microbial pathogens that can subsequently result in contaminated soil, water runoff, and crops. Multiple mitigation strategies are being evaluated to reduce these risks. Inclusion of filamentous fungus in a biofiltration system to inactivate pathogenic bacteria in aqueous dairy manure prior to land application is explored in this study as a preharvest preventative method.

Microgravity and evasion of plant innate immunity by human bacterial pathogens.

Spaceflight microgravity and modeled-microgravity analogs (MMA) broadly alter gene expression and physiology in both pathogens and plants. Research elucidating plant and bacterial responses to normal gravity or microgravity has shown the involvement of both physiological and molecular mechanisms. Under true and simulated microgravity, plants display differential expression of pathogen-defense genes while human bacterial pathogens exhibit increased virulence, antibiotic resistance, stress tolerance, and reduced LD in animal hosts.

Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States.

Enteric bacterial pathogen levels can influence the suitability of irrigation water sources for fruits and vegetables. We hypothesize that stable spatial patterns of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes levels may exist across surface water sources in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.

Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States: A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study.

Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production.

in Irrigation Water: An Assessment of Outbreaks, Sources, Prevalence, and Persistence.

As more fresh fruits and vegetables are needed to meet the demands of a growing population, growers may need to start depending on more varied sources of water, including environmental, recycled, and reclaimed waters. Some of these sources might be susceptible to contamination with microbial pathogens, such as . Surveys have found this pathogen in water, soil, vegetation, and farm animal feces around the world.

Corrigendum: Evasion of Plant Innate Defense Response by on Lettuce.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Identification and Subtyping of Isolates Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).

Subtyping of bacterial isolates of the same genus and species is an important tool in epidemiological investigations. A number of phenotypic and genotypic subtyping methods are available; however, most of these methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming and require considerable operator skill and a wealth of reagents. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), an alternative to conventional subtyping methods, offers a rapid, reproducible method for bacterial identification with a high sensitivity and specificity and at minimal cost.

Zero-Valent Iron Filtration Reduces Microbial Contaminants in Irrigation Water and Transfer to Raw Agricultural Commodities.

Groundwater depletion is a critical agricultural irrigation issue, which can be mitigated by supplementation with water of higher microbiological risk, including surface and reclaimed waters, to support irrigation needs in the United States. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) filtration may be an affordable and effective treatment for reducing pathogen contamination during crop irrigation. This study was performed to determine the effects of ZVI filtration on the removal and persistence of , and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in irrigation water.

Levels of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Alternative Irrigation Water Vary Based on Water Source on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.

Irrigation water sources have been shown to harbor foodborne pathogens and could contribute to the outbreak of foodborne illness related to consumption of contaminated produce. Determining the probability of and the degree to which these irrigation water sources contain these pathogens is paramount. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in alternative irrigation water sources.

Foodborne Illness Outbreak Investigation for One Health Postsecondary Education.

One Health concepts were incorporated in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation with game features of data presented as visual and manipulative clues. Postsecondary pre-veterinary medicine and animal biosciences students and food science students ( = 319) enrolled in an introductory animal and food sciences course over a 3-year period received a brief introduction to foodborne illness, an outbreak scenario, and investigative tasks to complete individually or in groups. Tasks addressed epidemiology, laboratory, environment, traceback, recall, and prevention concepts.

Food Safety and Employee Health Implications of COVID-19: A Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the U.S. food supply and consumer behavior.

Recovery of SARS-CoV-2 from Wastewater Using Centrifugal Ultrafiltration.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis and continues to impact communities as the disease spreads. Clinical testing alone provides a snapshot of infected individuals but is costly and difficult to perform logistically across whole populations. The virus which causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is shed in human feces and urine and can be detected in human waste.

Temporal and Agricultural Factors Influence Escherichia coli Survival in Soil and Transfer to Cucumbers.

Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) increase nutrient levels in soils to support the production of fruits and vegetables. BSAAOs may introduce or extend the survival of bacterial pathogens which can be transferred to fruits and vegetables to cause foodborne illness. survival over 120 days in soil plots (3 m) covered with (mulched) or without plastic mulch (not mulched), amended with either poultry litter, composted poultry litter, heat-treated poultry pellets, or chemical fertilizer, and transfer to cucumbers in 2 years (2018 and 2019) were evaluated.

Effect of Plant-Derived Proteases on Infectivity of Tulane Virus, Murine Norovirus, and Hepatitis A Virus.

Abstract: Plant-derived proteases, bromelain, papain, and ficin, are broad-acting enzymes with generally recognized as safe status for foods and have current application in several food industries. These proteases have also been reported to have antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the efficacy of commercially prepared bromelain, papain, and ficin, individually and combined (2,500 ppm of crude extract), for inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and murine norovirus (MNV).

Influence of Poultry Litter Amendment Type and Irrigation Events on Survival and Persistence of Salmonella Newport.

Abstract: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport is a bacterial foodborne pathogen isolated from several environmental reservoirs on the Delmarva Peninsula and has been associated with several produce-related outbreaks. However, little is known about specific interactions between Salmonella Newport and soil amendments used as fertilizers.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Inactivates Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts on Cilantro.

Abstract: Cilantro was recently identified as a vehicle for protozoan illness. Current postharvest practices are not sufficient to inactivate protozoa on cilantro. Cold plasma is an emerging nonthermal waterless technology with potential applications in food processing that are currently being investigated to enhance the safety of herbs.

Evasion of Plant Innate Defense Response by on Lettuce.

To establish host association, the innate immune system, which is one of the first lines of defense against infectious disease, must be circumvented. Plants encounter enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens under both pre- and post-harvest conditions. Human enteric foodborne pathogens can use plants as temporary hosts.