Occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Children's University Hospital in Bratislava.

Occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 30 multi-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens strains isolated from children between 0 and 3 years of age is presented.

Study of beta-lactam resistance in ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.

Mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae was studied. These strains were selected from 1991 E. coli, 1035 Enterobacter spp.

Aminoglycoside resistance. Enzymatic mechanisms in clinical bacterial strains in Slovakia during the last decade.

We determined the importance and dissemination of enzymatic mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance in 239 gentamicin-resistant strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in Slovakia during the past decade. Over the past 5 years, the resistance to tobramycin has risen by 1.1% to netilmicin by 27.

Incidence and mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 isolates.

Mechanisms of resistance to five aminoglycoside antibiotics: gentamicin (G), tobramycin (T), netilmicin (N), amikacin (A) and isepamicin (I), were assessed in 16 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11, originating from five hospitals in Bratislava. All isolates were in vitro highly resistant to all mentioned aminoglycoside antibiotics (MIC > 32 mg/l). Thirteen isolates produced three aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AGME), responsible for resistance to the respective aminoglycosides: AAC(6')-I (T, N, A); APH (2") (G, T); APH (3')-VI (I).

Transferable amikacin resistance in gram-negative bacterial isolates.

Seven amikacin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Slovakia and Germany were included in this study. The strains were also resistant in vitro to high levels of gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and isepamicin. Phosphocellulose paper binding assays indicated that resistance to aminoglycosides was due to synthesis of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-I a mechanism until now only identified in staphylococci and streptococci.

[Epidemiology of the distribution of genes coding for resistance to antibiotics].

The increasing prevalence of isolated bacteria resistant to antibiotics is one of the serious problems of contemporary clinical medicine because it is the main cause of failing treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore great efforts are made to reveal the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and to elucidate their epidemiology. In the submitted paper the author summarizes the present stage of knowledge concerning mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and mechanisms of their distribution in nature.

In vitro activity of imipenem and six other beta-lactam antibiotics against aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacilli.

The in vitro activity of imipenem and six other beta-lactams (ampicillin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime) against twenty Gram-negative bacilli resistant to clinically important aminoglycosides was studied. The bacterial strains showed high resistance (R) to gentamicin, tobramycin (R 100%), netilmicin (R 75%) and to the beta-lactams ampicillin (R 100%), cephamandole (R 90%) and cefoxitin (R 75%). The strains were susceptible to isepamicin (R 10%) and imipenem (R 10%) as well as susceptible to at least third generation cephalosporin.

Development of amikacin resistance in bacterial isolates in Slovakia (1990-1992).

In-vitro susceptibility of 7301 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli, originating from hospitals at and around Bratislava, to amikacin was evaluated during the years 1990-1992. In 1990 amikacin resistance represented 4.1%, in 1991 it increased to 7.

[The effect of N,N'-bis(decyldimethyl)-1,6-hexane diammonium dibromide on vegetative cells and spores of type A Clostridium perfringens].

The author investigated the effect of N,N'-bis(decyldimethyl)-1,6-hexane diammonium dibromide on vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium perfringens type A. The investigated substance caused in concentrations of 1.0-4.

Effect of alkyldimethylamine oxides on anaerobic sporulating bacteria of genus Clostridium.

Antibacterial activity of alkyldimethylamine oxides and Iodaminox was determined in vitro in 11 strains of clostridia. The most efficient was (1-methyldodecyl)dimethylamine oxide (MIC = 7.8-78 mumol/L).

Antibacterial activity of N-[2-(dodecanoylmethylamine)ethyl]-alkyl dimethylammonium bromides.

The study contains the results of determination of antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized series of N-[2-(dodecanoylmethylamine)ethyl]-alkyldimethylammonium bromides. The efficiency of the compounds has been characterized towards three species of the genus Clostridium such as Clostridium perfringens, type A, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium sporogenes and one strain of the genus Lactobacillus such as Lactobacillus yamanashiensis. The antibacterial activity of the studied compounds has been tested in different time intervals.

[Antibacterial effectiveness of newly synthesized organic ammonium salts, derivatives of dodecanoic acid].

The authors investigated the sensitivity of 10 strains of bacteria genus Clostridium to newly synthetized organic ammonium salts series N-[2-(dodecanoylamino)ethyl] alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromides and N-[2-(dodecanoylamino)ethyl] alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromides. The most effective of the two series of compounds were n-hexyl, n-octyl and n-decyl derivatives, the antibacterial activity of which is comparable with the effectiveness of a selected disinfectant Septonex and is several times greater, as compared with the effectiveness of Ajatin.

Effect of N,N'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides on bacteria of the genus Clostridium.

Antibacterial effect of 17 ammonium compounds of the type of N,N'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides was tested on anaerobically sporulating bacteria of the genus Clostridium. A sizable antibacterial activity was displayed by five N,N'-bis(alkyldimethyl)-1,6-hexanediammonium dibromides and by four N,N'-bis(decyldimethyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediammonium dibromides. These compounds exhibited activity higher than, or comparable with, that of the reference standards Ajatin and Septonex.