Increase in Occurrence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Differs by Age Group and Gender-Finnish Nationwide Register Study.

Introduction: This study describes epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and use of ADHD medication across all age groups in Finland.

Methods: This retrospective study is based on nationwide registers in Finland. The study population included individuals with ADHD diagnosis and/or an ADHD medication record at least once during 2015-2020.

Healthcare Resource Utilization and Associated Costs During the First 5 Years After Diagnosis and at the End of Life: A Nationwide Cohort Study of Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Finland.

Background: The burden associated with the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is expected to increase due to the aging population. Thus, policymakers and clinicians need a holistic view of the healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs associated with MM and its treatment for informed decision making. However, nationwide information on HCRU and costs due to MM is scarce in Finland.

Vascular adhesion protein-1 blockade in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive inflammatory liver disease characterized by biliary and liver fibrosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is important in the inflammatory process driving liver fibrosis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of VAP-1 blockade with a monoclonal antibody (timolumab, BTT1023) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Two-Year Trajectories of Dental Anxiety in Parents and Their Association with Parents' and Children's Oral Healthcare Procedures in FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

We aimed to identify parents' dental anxiety trajectories and the association of the trajectories with the number of parents' and their children's oral healthcare procedures in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale at gestational weeks (gw) 14 and 34, as well as 3 and 24 months (mo) after childbirth. Oral healthcare procedures from gw14 to 24 mo were obtained from the national patient data register and categorized as preventive and treatment.

Recent trends in incidence, survival and treatment of multiple myeloma in Finland - a nationwide cohort study.

This study aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of multiple myeloma (MM) in Finland in 2015-2019, to characterize adult patients newly diagnosed with MM, and to follow-up their overall survival (OS) and treatment patterns until the end of 2020. We sourced the data on inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, outpatient medication use, and date of death from comprehensive, nationwide registers. We identified 2037 incident patients with MM in 2015-2019.

Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland.

The accumulation of naturally occurring radionuclides in solid residues was investigated from groundwater treatment facilities (GTFs) in Finland. Natural radionuclides U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228 were found in various precipitates, sludges and filters at concentrations exceeding the general clearance level of 1 kBq kgused for solid materials in the European directive 2013/59/Euratom. The accumulation of natural radionuclides in different solid residues was observed even when the activity concentrations in the untreated groundwater were relatively low, and when there was no measurable change in the concentrations between raw and treated groundwater within analytical uncertainties.

The issue of Cs-137 in firewood and biomass combustion: a review.

In large parts of Europe, the Chernobyl accident of 1986 caused fallout of Cs-137. This led to the uptake of Cs-137 in trees or other materials used for bioenergy production or as firewood for domestic purposes. This Cs-137 may concentrate in the ashes of the combustion process in such a way that the clearance level of 100 Bq per kg, defined in Directive 2013/59/Euratom (EU BSS), may consequently be exceeded.

A methodology for the systematic identification of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).

Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are present worldwide and under certain circumstances (e.g., human activities) may give radiation exposure to workers, local public or occasional visitors and non-human biota (NHB) of the surrounding ecosystems.

Radioactivity of residues from waste incineration facilities in Finland.

Waste incineration in Europe has been increasing in the past few decades as there is a need to reduce the burden on landfills and their associated environmental concerns. While incineration reduces the volume of the waste, the volume of slag and ash is still substantial. To find out potential radiation risks that incineration residues could set to workers or the public, the levels of radioactive elements in these residues were investigated from nine waste incineration plants in Finland.

Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL).

Operando Laboratory-Based Multi-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy of Solid Catalysts.

Laboratory-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and especially X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) offers new opportunities in catalyst characterization and presents not only an alternative, but also a complementary approach to precious beamtime at synchrotron facilities. We successfully designed a laboratory-based setup for performing operando, quasi-simultaneous XANES analysis at multiple K-edges, more specifically, operando XANES of mono-, bi-, and trimetallic CO hydrogenation catalysts containing Ni, Fe, and Cu. Detailed operando XANES studies of the multielement solid catalysts revealed metal-dependent differences in the reducibility and re-oxidation behavior and their influence on the catalytic performance in CO hydrogenation.

Sediment profile dating and reconstructing nuclear events from annually laminated lake sediments in northern Finland.

The sediments deposited in Lake Kevojärvi (69°45N, 27°00'E) in northernmost Finland were investigated for radioactivity. Freeze cores recovered from the 35-m deep basin has preserved a distinct succession of annual laminations deposited between 1909 and 2015. The basic varve structure is composed of a detrital snowmelt layer and an organic-rich post-snowmelt layer lying on top of the snowmelt layer.

Multisubstituted pyrimidines effectively inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Biofilms are multicellular communities of microorganisms that generally attach to surfaces in a self-produced matrix. Unlike planktonic cells, biofilms can withstand conventional antibiotics, causing significant challenges in the healthcare system. Currently, new chemical entities are urgently needed to develop novel anti-biofilm agents.

Modification of national OSCE due to COVID-19 - Implementation and students' feedback.

Aim: The aims were to describe the development of a modified national online OSCE during COVID-19 and assess related student feedback.

Material And Methods: The modified online OSCE comprising of eight question entities was organised simultaneously in all four dental institutes of Finland using the Moodle virtual learning environment. All fourth-year students (n = 179) attended the examination online at home.

Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming.

Nonhuman primates are excellent models for studying human placentation as experimental manipulations in vitro can be translated to in vivo pregnancy. Our objective was to develop macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) as an in vitro platform for future assessment of primate trophoblast development and function. Macaque TSC lines were generated by isolating first and second trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts followed by culture in TSC medium to maintain cellular proliferation.

Johann-type laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectrometer with versatile detection modes.

We present a low-cost laboratory X-ray absorption spectrometer that uses a conventional X-ray tube source and bent Johann-type crystal monochromators. The instrument is designed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the 4-20 keV range which covers most K edges of 3d transition metals and L edges of 5d transition metals and actinides. The energy resolution is typically in the range of 1-5 eV at 10 keV depending on the crystal analyser and the Bragg angle.

The impact of porous silicon nanoparticles on human cytochrome P450 metabolism in human liver microsomes in vitro.

Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly used as drug carriers in pharmaceutical formulations. This study focuses on the hitherto unaddressed impact of porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, which is the major detoxification route of most pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics. Three different surface chemistries, including thermally carbonized PSi (TCPSi), aminopropylsilane-modified TCPSi (APTES-TCPSi) and alkyne-terminated thermally hydrocarbonized PSi (Alkyne-THCPSi), were compared for their effects on the enzyme kinetics of the major CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) in human liver microsomes (HLM) in vitro.

Properties of Fixed-Fixed Models and Alternatives in Presence-Absence Data Analysis.

Assessing the significance of patterns in presence-absence data is an important question in ecological data analysis, e.g., when studying nestedness.

Recommendations on e-infrastructures for next-generation sequencing.

With ever-increasing amounts of data being produced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments, the requirements placed on supporting e-infrastructures have grown. In this work, we provide recommendations based on the collective experiences from participants in the EU COST Action SeqAhead for the tasks of data preprocessing, upstream processing, data delivery, and downstream analysis, as well as long-term storage and archiving. We cover demands on computational and storage resources, networks, software stacks, automation of analysis, education, and also discuss emerging trends in the field.

Individual FEV1 Trajectories Can Be Identified from a COPD Cohort.

Objective: We aim to make use of clinical spirometry data in order to identify individual COPD-patients with divergent trajectories of lung function over time.

Study Design And Setting: Hospital-based COPD cohort (N = 607) was followed on average 4.6 years.

BioImg.org: A Catalog of Virtual Machine Images for the Life Sciences.

Virtualization is becoming increasingly important in bioscience, enabling assembly and provisioning of complete computer setups, including operating system, data, software, and services packaged as virtual machine images (VMIs). We present an open catalog of VMIs for the life sciences, where scientists can share information about images and optionally upload them to a server equipped with a large file system and fast Internet connection. Other scientists can then search for and download images that can be run on the local computer or in a cloud computing environment, providing easy access to bioinformatics environments.