The devil is in the details: Understanding how misinformation regarding epilepsy manifests in TikTok videos.

Objective: This study sought to understand the amount of misinformation surrounding epilepsy on the social media platform, TikTok.

Methods: Videos from TikTok were searched using keyword "epilepsy." In all, 109 videos were categorized as personal experience videos, event videos, or educational videos.

Generation of monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages using tumor-conditioned media provides a novel method to study tumor-associated macrophages in vitro.

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are expanded and exhibit tumor-promoting properties within the tumor microenvironment. Current methods to study TAM have not been replicated across cancer types and often do not include exogenous growth factors from the tumor, a key factor in TAM differentiation in vivo.

Methods: In this study, an in vitro method to generate monocyte- derived TAM using tumor- conditioned media (TCM) and a cytokine cocktail containing IL-4, IL-10, and M-CSF was utilized to study the phenotype, morphology, and function of TAM across multiple cancer types.

Legionella pneumophila Is Directly Sensitive to 2-Deoxyglucose-Phosphate via Its UhpC Transporter but Is Indifferent to Shifts in Host Cell Glycolytic Metabolism.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation induces a pronounced shift to increased glycolytic metabolism in mammalian macrophages. We observed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) increase glycolysis in response to infection with , but the role of host macrophage glycolysis in terms of intracellular replication is not currently understood. Treatment with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) blocks replication in mammalian macrophages but has no effect on bacteria grown in broth.

Assessing the Potential for Oligomer Formation from the Reactions of Lactones in Secondary Organic Aerosols.

Laboratory and field measurements have demonstrated that 2-methyl glyceric acid (2-MG) is the base component of a wide range of chemical species found in methacrolein-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In order to explore the recently proposed hypothesis that a lactone oxidation intermediate is the origin of 2-MG and its derivatives in SOA, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to study kinetics and reaction products of the aqueous phase reactions of a model lactone, β-propiolactone (BPL). BPL was found to react with a lifetime of 4-10 h (depending on solution conditions) via a general acid catalyzed mechanism, which suggests that lactones similar to BPL are reactive on an atmospherically relevant time scale.