Alterations of color vision and pupillary light responses in age-related macular degeneration.

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in developed countries and one of the leading causes of blindness. In this work, we evaluated color vision and the pupil light reflex (PLR) to assess visual function in patients with early and neovascular AMD (NVAMD) compared with the control group.

Methods: We recruited 34 early patients with dry AMD and classified them into two groups following AREDS: 13 patients with NVAMD and 24 healthy controls.

Correlations Between Dark-Adapted Rod Threshold Elevations and ERG Response Deficits in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the full-field flash electroretinogram (ERG) in association with psychophysical dark-adapted visual thresholds in patients with genetically characterized Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) either lacking Dp427 (Up 30) or at least Dp260 in addition to Dp427 (Down 30).

Methods: Twenty-one patients with DMD and 27 age-similar controls participated in this study. Dark-adapted (0.

The spatial distribution of ERGs reflecting luminance and L-/M-cone-opponent signals.

Purpose: To study the spatial retinal distribution of electroretinographic (ERG) responses that reflect signals in the L-/M-cone-opponent and luminance post-receptoral pathways.

Methods: ERG recordings to heterochromatic stimuli (sinusoidal counter-phase modulation of red and green LED light sources) were performed, while varying fractions of red and green modulation. Two temporal frequencies of the stimuli were employed: 12 Hz to record ERGs that reflect L-/M-cone-opponent signal and 36 Hz for recording ERG signals sensitive to stimulus luminance.

Longitudinal visual acuity development in ZIKV-exposed children.

Purpose: To follow the visual acuity development of children exposed to or infected with the Zika virus (ZIKV) during gestation and to relate potential visual acuity deficits to their clinical condition.

Methods: In this prospective study, visual acuity was measured via Teller Acuity Cards in three groups of children: (1) those with confirmed ZIKV exposure (ZE) through the mother only, (2) those with confirmed infection (ZI), and (3) unaffected controls. Visual acuity was measured 2-4 times in each child during the first 30 months of age.

Alterations in visual acuity and visual development in infants 1-24 months old either exposed to or infected by Zika virus during gestation, with and without microcephaly.

Purpose: To evaluate visual acuity and visual acuity development in children from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who were exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) gestationally.

Methods: Children who had been exposed to ZIKV during gestation and age-matched control subjects received visual acuity and funduscopic examination. ZIKV exposure was confirmed by maternal quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing or serology assay.